Drug-Resistant Trends of Acinetobacter Spp Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Punjab, Pakistan: Drug Resistant Trends of Acinetobacter Spp

Maqsood Arif; Sania Tahir; Kiran Nazeer; Huda Barakullah; Sikander Sultan; Saba Riaz

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v7i6.1091

Authors

Maqsood Arif Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Sania Tahir Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Kiran Nazeer Institute of Microbiology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Huda Barakullah Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Sikander Sultan Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Saba Riaz Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Cancer Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i6.1091

Keywords:

Antimicrobial Resistance, Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion, Acinetobacter Spp

Abstract

The escalating level of antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan poses a significant threat to public health nationwide. Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance trend of Acinetobacter spp before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and differences in antimicrobial resistance rates. Methods: This study assessed the microbiological data in two periods: before COVID-19 (January 2017- March 2020) and during the COVID-19 period (April 1, 2020- March 31, 2021). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Out of 625 strains of Acinetobacter, 462 (73.9%) were isolated in the pre-COVID-19 period and 163 (26.0%) during the COVID-19 period. The percentages of females in the pre COVID-19 and during COVID-19 era were 53%, and the proportion of males was 46% and 45%, respectively. The age group of 16-30 years (34%) was most infected in both periods. In the pre-COVID era, the percentage of Acinetobacter spp isolated from pus and urine was 47% and 34%, respectively, while in the COVID-19 period, it changed to 48% and 16%, respectively. The drugs that showed a significant increase in resistance during the COVID-19 period were Imipenem 53%, Aztreonam 91% to 100%, Ciprofloxacin 65% to 75%, Moxifloxacin 66% to 100%, Cefotaxime 61% to 97% and Tazobactam 61 to 71%. In the Lahore division, the infection rate increased from 35% (in the pre-COVID era) to 41% (during the COVID era). Conclusions: The notable differences in resistance patterns before and after the COVID-19 era indicate a decrease in the choices of drugs for Acinetobacter infections.

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