Culture and Sensitivity Patterns of Various Bacteriological Agents among Children Admitted in Pediatric Department

Riffat  Farrukh; Shaheen  Masood; Farhina  Nasir; Qamar  Rizvi; Ibrahim  Shakoor; Amber  Naseer

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i2.307

Authors

Riffat Farrukh Department of Pediatrics, Karachi Medical and Dental College and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Shaheen Masood Department of Pediatrics, Karachi Medical and Dental College and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Farhina Nasir Department of Pathology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Qamar Rizvi Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Ibrahim Shakoor Department of Pediatrics, Karachi Medical and Dental College and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Amber Naseer Department of Pediatrics, Karachi Medical and Dental College and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i2.307

Keywords:

Blood, culture, pus, urine, antibiotics

Abstract

The Culture of numerous contaminated fluids of the body are commonly used to determine the aetiology of infection and to help medicine specialists and pediatricians to select the suitable antimicrobial treatment. The objective of this analysis is to govern the culture and sensitivity patterns to bacteriological agents’ grownup in children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was held at the Paediatric Medicine department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi, for one-year duration from November 2020 to November 2021. All ≤15-year-old children who met the criteria for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were included in the study. Any body fluids or blood were cultivated in the suitable medium as specified. The sensitivity pattern and profile of the cultured microorganisms were recorded and documented in a pre-designed data sheet. SPSS v.22 was applied for data analysis. Results: Of the 300 patients enrolled, 51 (17%) developed multiple organisms in culture and these have been described in more detail. Of these 51 patients with positive culture, 47.1% were male with a M:F ratio of 1.3: 1. Of the 51 patients, 21 (41.2%) were less than one- year old, and 14 (27.5%) were one to five years old, 9 (17.6%) was between 5 and 10 years old and 7 (13.7%) were 10 to 15 years of age. Twenty-three patients (45.1%) showed an increase in microorganisms in the blood smear. Throat swab, tracheal secretions and sputum cultures were positive in 11 patients (21.6%), CSF cultures were positive in 13 (25.5%), and urine cultures in 10 (19.6%), Swabs (ear and skin) cultures were positive in 7 (13.7%) and 3 (5.9%) have positive pleural fluid cultures. The most frequently isolated microorganism is Salmonella spp. (17.6%), Klebsiella spp. (15.7%), Escherichia coli (11.8%), Acinetobacter (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes (7.8%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.9%) and Enterobacter spp. (7.23%). Conclusions: The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., E coli and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibiotics resistance in various cultures is a warning in contradiction of overuse of antibiotics.

References

Yadav NS, Sharma S, Chaudhary DK, Panthi P, Pokhrel P, Shrestha A, Mandal PK. Bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates admitted at Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC research notes. 2018 Dec;11(1):1-6.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3394-6

Moges F, Eshetie S, Yeshitela B, Abate E. Bacterial etiologic agents causing neonatal sepsis and associated risk factors in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC pediatrics. 2017 Dec;17(1):1-0.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0892-y

Mulu W, Abera B, Yimer M, Hailu T, Ayele H, Abate D. Bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance profiles of infections from different sites that occurred among patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2017 Dec;10(1):1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2584-y

Bhuyan GS, Hossain MA, Sarker SK, Rahat A, Islam MT, Haque TN, Begum N, Qadri SK, Muraduzzaman AK, Islam NN, Islam MS. Bacterial and viral pathogen spectra of acute respiratory infections in under-5 children in hospital settings in Dhaka city. PloS one. 2017 Mar 27;12(3):e0174488.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174488

Mohammed A, Seid ME, Gebrecherkos T, Tiruneh M, Moges F. Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound infections among inpatients and outpatients attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. International journal of microbiology. 2017 Mar 12;2017.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8953829

Ung L, Bispo PJ, Shanbhag SS, Gilmore MS, Chodosh J. The persistent dilemma of microbial keratitis: Global burden, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Survey of ophthalmology. 2019 May 1;64(3):255-71.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.12.003

Chiyangi H, Muma JB, Malama S, Manyahi J, Abade A, Kwenda G, Matee MI. Identification and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial enteropathogens from children aged 0-59 months at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: a prospective cross sectional study. BMC infectious diseases. 2017 Dec;17(1):1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2232-0

Bernabe KJ, Langendorf C, Ford N, Ronat JB, Murphy RA. Antimicrobial resistance in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2017 Nov 1;50(5):629-39.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.07.002

Pouladfar G, Basiratnia M, Anvarinejad M, Abbasi P, Amirmoezi F, Zare S. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens among children with urinary tract infection in Shiraz. Medicine. 2017 Sep;96(37).

https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007834

Rutter WC, Burgess DR, Burgess DS. Increasing incidence of multidrug resistance among cystic fibrosis respiratory bacterial isolates. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2017 Jan 1;23(1):51-5.

https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2016.0048

Agyepong N, Govinden U, Owusu-Ofori A, Essack SY. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2018 Dec;7(1):1-8.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0324-2

Mohsen L, Ramy N, Saied D, Akmal D, Salama N, Abdel Haleim MM, Aly H. Emerging antimicrobial resistance in early and late-onset neonatal sepsis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2017 Dec;6(1):1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0225-9

Fuchs A, Bielicki J, Mathur S, Sharland M, Van Den Anker JN. Reviewing the WHO guidelines for antibiotic use for sepsis in neonates and children. Paediatrics and international child health. 2018 Dec 21;38(sup1):S3-15.

https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2017.1408738

Bitew A, Molalign T, Chanie M. Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial uropathogens among patients complaining urinary tract infections. BMC infectious diseases. 2017 Dec;17(1):1-8.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2743-8

Sharifipour E, Shams S, Esmkhani M, Khodadadi J, Fotouhi-Ardakani R, Koohpaei A, Doosti Z, Ej Golzari S. Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. BMC infectious diseases. 2020 Dec;20(1):1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z

Ahmed SS, Shariq A, Alsalloom AA, Babikir IH, Alhomoud BN. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. International Journal of Health Sciences. 2019 Mar;13(2):48.

Chiotos K, Tamma PD, Flett KB, Naumann M, Karandikar MV, Bilker WB, Zaoutis T, Han JH. Multicenter study of the risk factors for colonization or infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in children. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2017 Dec 1;61(12):e01440-17.

https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01440-17

Shane AL, Sánchez PJ, Stoll BJ. Neonatal sepsis. The lancet. 2017 Oct 14;390(10104):1770-80.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31002-4

Morency-Potvin P, Schwartz DN, Weinstein RA. Antimicrobial stewardship: how the microbiology laboratory can right the ship. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2017 Jan;30(1):381-407.

https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00066-16

Qasim A, Turcotte M, De Souza RJ, Samaan MC, Champredon D, Dushoff J, Speakman JR, Meyre D. On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations. Obesity Reviews. 2018 Feb;19(2):121-49.

https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12625

Jain SK, Barman R. Bacteriological profile of diabetic foot ulcer with special reference to drug-resistant strains in a tertiary care center in North-East India. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2017 Sep;21(5):688.

https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_546_16