Spectrum of Aplastic Anaemia; presentation, etiology and overall survival: ASpectrum of Aplastic Anaemia: Presentation, Etiology and Overall Survival-A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Spectrum of Aplastic Anaemia

Abstract

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a hematological disorder with immune pathophysiology. There is a decrease in bone marrow precursors and cellularity which lead to a peripheral decline in at least two cell lines. The incidence of AA is higher in the Asian population as compared to that in the west. Objective: To highlight the disease spectrum of aplastic anemia patients from the clinical presentation and etiological factors to the disease outcome and overall survival. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Hematology Department King Edward Medical University. All the patients of both genders, diagnosed with aplastic anemia on peripheral smear and bone marrow trephine biopsy findings were included. The patients were followed up, the results were recorded and data were analyzed using SPSS V22. Results: The study included total 91 patients of aplastic anemia out of which 46(50.5%) were males, 45(49.5%) were females The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of which moderate aplastic anemia was present in 19 (20.9%) patients, severe aplastic anemia was seen in 42 (46.2%) patients and very severe aplastic anemia was seen in 30 (33%) patients. The etiological factors seen included idiopathic 61.5%, hakim medication 14.3%, infections 12% drugs 9.8% and radiation exposure 2.1%. It was observed that the patients with severe aplastic anemia presented with high ECOG score. Conclusion: Aplastic anemia has life detrimental outcome with high mortality rate if left untreated can be provided to the patients since it is one of the high incidences hematological disorders in Asian population.