Frequency of Congenital Muscular Torticollis in Children : Congenital Muscular Torticollis in Children

Shabah Surriya; Naila Maqbool; Muskan Jamil; Komal Amin; Wajahat Sohail; Fahad Ullah

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v6i12.971

Authors

Shabah Surriya Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Children’s Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Naila Maqbool College of Nursing, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Muskan Jamil Gulab Devi Institute of Physiotherapy, Gulab Devi Hospital Educational Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
Komal Amin School of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Wajahat Sohail The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Fahad Ullah The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i12.971

Keywords:

Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT), Craniofacial Asymmetry, Muscle Function Scale (MFS), Rehabilitation

Abstract

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is identified by unilateral contracture of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), resulting in lateral flexion of neck with rotation of chin to the opposite direction. Objective: To determine frequency of CMT in children presenting at Children Hospital, Lahore. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), Children Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences (CH & UCHS), Lahore from June 2022 to December 2022 and included 179 children who reported at Department of PM&R with CMT. The data were collected using a self-constructed Torticollis questionnaire and analyzed using International Business Machines Corporation Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 23 (IBM SPSS V-23.0). Results: Out of 179 patients, 103 (57.5%) were male and 76 (42.5%) were female. Associated problems like head tilt 102 (57.0%), rotation deficits 99 (55.3%), craniofacial asymmetry 67 (37.4%), fibrotic mass 68 (38.0%) and flat spot on either side of head 56 (31.3%) were seen. A significant association was found between age and torticollis present at birth (p-value=0.012). Conclusions: CMT is more common among children with age less than one year. Most of the cases were delivered by vaginal delivery with a history of infection and difficult delivery. It is important to investigate the long-term effects of continuing head tilt on cervical spine and secondary complications of CMT.

References

Amaral DM, Cadilha RP, Rocha JA, Silva AI, Parada F. Congenital muscular torticollis: where are we today? A retrospective analysis at a tertiary hospital. Porto Biomedical Journal. 2019 May; 4(3): e36. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000036

Chon SC, Yoon SI, You JH. Use of the novel myokinetic stretching technique to ameliorate fibrotic mass in congenital muscular torticollis: an experimenter-blinded study with 1-year follow-up. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2010 Jan; 23(2): 63-8. doi: 10.3233/BMR-2010-0251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-2010-0251

Cheng JC, Wong MW, Tang SP, Chen TM, Shum SL, Wong EM. Clinical determinants of the outcome of manual stretching in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants: a prospective study of eight hundred and twenty-one cases. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2001 May; 83(5): 679-87. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200105000-00006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200105000-00006

Öhman A, Mårdbrink EL, Stensby J, Beckung E. Evaluation of treatment strategies for muscle function in infants with congenital muscular torticollis. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2011 Oct; 27(7): 463-70. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2010.536305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2010.536305

Sönmez K, Türkyilmaz Z, Demiroğulları B, Özen IO, Karabulut R, Bağbancı B, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis in children. ORL: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. 2005 Jan; 67(6): 344-7. doi: 10.1159/000090046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000090046

Carenzio G, Carlisi E, Morani I, Tinelli C, Barak M, Bejor M, et al. Early rehabilitation treatment in newborns with congenital muscular torticollis. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2015 Feb; 51(5): 539-45.

Pommerol P, Jeandel C, Captier G. Muscle Stretching Techniques for Congenital Muscular Torticollis: Review of the Literature and Practical Applications. Austin Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2019 Sep; 6(1): 1053.

Das BK, Matin A, Roy RR, Islam MR, Islam R, Khan R. Congenital muscular torticollis: A descriptive study of 16 cases. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health. 2010; 34(3): 92-8. doi: 10.3329/bjch.v34i3.10359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v34i3.10359

Poole B and Kale S. The effectiveness of stretching for infants with congenital muscular torticollis. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2019 Mar; 24(1-2): 2-11. doi: 10.1080/10833196.2019.1570704 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10833196.2019.1570704

He L, Yan X, Li J, Guan B, Ma L, Chen Y, et al. Comparison of 2 dosages of stretching treatment in infants with congenital muscular torticollis: a randomized trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2017 May; 96(5): 333-40. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000623

Keklicek H and Uygur F. A randomized controlled study on the efficiency of soft tissue mobilization in babies with congenital muscular torticollis. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2018 Jan; 31(2): 315-21. doi: 10.3233/BMR-169746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-169746

Michalska A, Śliwiński Z, Pogorzelska J, Grabski M, Dudek J, Szmurło M, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis-a proposal for treatment and physiotherapy. Medical Rehabilitation. 2019 Aug; 23: 21-30. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.3728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3728

Nilesh K and Mukherji S. Congenital muscular torticollis. Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Jul; 3(2): 198. doi: 10.4103/2231-0746.119222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0746.119222

de Chalain TM and Katz A. Idiopathic muscular torticollis in children: the Cape Town experience. British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 1992 Jan; 45(4): 297-301. doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(92)90056-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(92)90056-4

Luther BL. Congenital muscular torticollis. Orthopaedic Nursing. 2002 May; 21(3): 21-9. doi: 10.1097/00006416-200205000-00005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006416-200205000-00005

Freed SS and Coulter-O'Berry C. Identification and treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics. 2004 Oct; 16(4): S18-23. doi: 10.1097/00008526-200410001-00007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00008526-200410001-00007

Samosiuk I, Kopchak S, Chudnaja R, Degtyarev Y, Slautenko N, Zukow W. Application of therapeutic physical exercises and massage in treatment and rehabilitation of patients with muscular torticollis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2011 Mar; 1(1): 43-50. doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2011.01.01.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2011.01.01.004

Coventry MB, Harris LE, Bianco Jr AJ, Bulbulian AH. Congenital muscular torticollis (wryneck). Postgraduate Medicine. 1960 Oct; 28(4): 383-92. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1960.11716491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1960.11716491

Das BK, Matin A, Hassan GZ, Hossain MZ, Zaman MA. Congenital muscular torticollis: experience of 14 cases. Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2010 Oct; 19(4): 555-60.

Bredenkamp JK, Hoover LA, Berke GS, Shaw A. Congenital muscular torticollis: a spectrum of disease. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 1990 Feb; 116(2): 212-6. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1990.01870020088024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1990.01870020088024