Prevalence of Neck Pain and Disability in Medical Students of Sialkot

worldwide. It ranks as the fourth most typical cause of disability. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neck pain and disability in medical students of Sialkot. Methods: It was cross-sectional study and simple random sampling technique was used. 465 male/female medical student 18–25-year-old were participated. Subjects with other neck pathologies like cervical stenosis were excluded. Data were collected from three different institutes of Sialkot i.e., University of Sialkot, Sialkot College of Physical Therapy and University of Management and Technology. Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire was used to collect data. Study ran from 20 May to 22 September 2021.Statsitical analysis done through SPSS version 20. Histogram, bar charts used to display data. Ethical approval obtained from institute before conducting research. Results: Results were calculated using Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) percentages. 15.9% had no disability, 58.1% had mild disability, and 19.4% had moderate disability while 6.7% were suffering from severe disability. The overall neck pain prevalence was 58.1% and it caused mild disability in medical students. Conclusions: It is concluded that neck pain is quite common among medical students as more than half of participants were suffering from this issue. Lifting heavy objects being in uncomfortable posture during daily activities and reading for extended hours aggravate the pain. Occasional disturbance of sleep was also noted.

34.9% [12].In medical students all over the world, neck pain is the serious health problem and absenteeism.They are more susceptible and seem to have neck pain due to the amount of study necessary to achieve professional goals.Among medical students, it is likely to be linked with a history of neck pain, physical activity, reading time and an uncomfortable neck position [13].Signi cant risk factors for neck pain in students are older age, higher BMI, carrying heavy objects and bags during the day, daily sleep duration and computer use [14] because university students spend so much time sitting or working, sometimes with poor p o s t u r e, i t 's p r o b a b l e t h a t t h e y ' l l s u f fe r f r o m musculoskeletal problems on a regular basis.The frequency of musculoskeletal system discomforts was examined in depth with the neck and shoulders being the most a icted locations [15].University students appear to be a high-risk group for neck pain, which frequently leads to poor concentration and academic performance [12].Even though modern gadgets can aggravate neck pain, it cannot be said that this was the cause of it in the rst place, it is seen that physical activity played a protective role in neck pain [16].The primary goal of the current study was to bridge the knowledge gap in the literature by evaluating prevalence of neck pain and disability in medical students of Sialkot.and 19.4% had moderate disability while 6.7% were suffering from severe disability.In the end results were most of the students were suffering with mild disability.Table 1 depicts total 465 students lled the questionnaire and 157 of those had no pain while 29 students which make 6.2% had very severe pain in the neck with 49 students showing fairly severe pain145 had mild pain 85 had moderate pain.Dighriri et al., research showed rate of neck pain among Australian medical students was 97.3% these ndings were in line to current research in Sialkot universities, prevalence of neck pain was 58.1% in medical students.The incidence of neck pain ranged from 75.08% of 2nd-year students to 89.03% of 3rd-year students in their research [9].In current research, factors linked to the risk of neck pain included lifting heavy objects, reading and watching television, being in an unsuitable position and engaging in work activities for a prolonged period of time.This contrasts with a study conducted at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia, where factors include a traumatic experience in past, depression thoughts and reports of psychological and mental symptoms [19].Behera et al., conducted a cross-sectional study conducted on all the undergraduate medical students' results where neck pain is not uncommon among undergraduate medical students.History of previous neck pain including that during symptoms for more than 4 hours while rest.There were 37 students which make 8% only had symptoms all day without break.

C O N C L U S I O N S
The current study showed a signi cantly high frequency of hemoglobinopathies in the capital city Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Beta Thalassemia trait and Beta Thalassemia major were found in high frequency among various hemoglobin disorders.Our study showed the prevalence of different hemoglobin disorders in the capital region.This data may be valuable in making policies for preventing and managing these conditions.

Table 1 :
Neck Pain Intensity

Table 3 :
Pins, Needles or Numbness in Arms at NightTable 3 shows 209 out of 465 doesn't feel pins, needles or numbness at night, 136 participants had mentioned of pins felt occasionally at night with no sleep problem, 60 have regular sleep disturbance at night while 23 participants had Less than 2-hour sleep disturbed 37 had disturbed sleep Less than 5 hour during reading, 8.8% can't read for longer time.212 students (45.59%) can work without extra pain, 124 students (26.67%) can do work but with extra pain but 28 (6.2%) cannot work at all.Calculated the results through Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire 15.9% had no disability, 58.1% had mild disability, Table 4 shows duration of symptoms in neck pain sufferers.Out of 465 students 210 have normal feeling in neck and arms, 122 had symptoms that last less than an hour, 52 were having symptoms on and off for 1-4 hours and 44 have

Table 2 :
Sleep Disturbed by Neck Pain

Table 4 :
Duration of SymptomsD I S C U S S I O NCurrent study conducted to determine the prevalence of neck pain and disability in medical students of Sialkot.Total 465 students were included in this research.33.8% students showed no pain, 31.2%students showed mild pain while 6.2% experienced very severe pain.In 37% responders sleep is occasionally disturbed while 39.8% have normal sleep.44.9% students have no feeling of pins but 29.2% participants occasionally felt pins and needles.Out of 465 participants 14.2% students had pain increased during reading, 8.8% can't read for longer time.212 students (45.59%) can work without extra pain, 124 students (26.67%) can do work but with extra pain but 28 (6.2%) cannot work at all.Calculated the results through Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire 15.9% had no disability, 58.1% had mild disability, and 19.4% had moderate disability while 6.7% were suffering from severe disability.In the end results were most of the students were suffering with mild disability.Current study discovered that medical students had a prevalence of neck pain of 58.1%, whereas Sachdev et al., research showed the university of Baluchistan found that physical therapy students had a prevalence of neck pain of 69% these ndings were accordance to current research [17].Ayaz et al., study done at the Abbottabad Women's Medical College out of 83

Table 5 :
Table 5 shows most participants can do usual work without pain aggravation (45.6%) while 26.7% have some extra pain during work but can still continue rest have pain aggravation during work that prevents them from work so they have to reduce the worktime with 6% have to stop working due to neck pain.Neck Pain while Doing Work/Housework

Table 6 :
Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) PercentagesTable7shows the frequency and percentage of both genders in their respective NPQ percentages from 0%-100.

Table 7 :
NPQ Percentages in Both GendersSilva et al., study ndings were disability due to pain is highly prevalent in 79.6% students of those with chronic pain reported di culty in at least one daily activity these were compatible to current ndings showed 26.7% have some extra pain during work[22].Gomera et al., conducted research on medical students Ethiopia results showed self-reported prevalence of NP among medical students was 49.2 in previous 12 months these ndings where inline current research ndings prevalence of neck pain was 58.1% in medical students[13].Results of current study showed there is prevalence of neck pain and disability in medical students of Sialkot.