Pakistan BioMedical Journal

Prevalence of Pronation Distortion Syndrome and Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Relation to Body Stability among Amateur Athletes

Hamza Sana Minhas — 2024-11-30

Background: Pronation was defined as simultaneous calcaneal eversion, foot abduction, and dorsiflexion. Pronation was necessary for stability when walking and standing; however, having too much ROM for this action might contribute to overpronation. Good postural balance was required to improve voluntary movement control in sports. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pronation distortion syndrome and anterior pelvic tilt among amateur athletes and to observe the correlation between pronation distortion syndrome and body stability in this population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study convenience sampling was used. The sample size of this study was 117 amateur athletes. Data were collected from Aleem Dar Cricket Academy, Green Cricket Academy, and Ideal Cricket Club. The tools used to conduct the study were a navicular drop test, handheld inclinometer, and Functional Movement Screening (FMS) Questionnaire. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated a 35.9% prevalence of pronation distortion syndrome and a 16.2% prevalence of anterior pelvic tilt. Additionally, this study found a positive association between PDS and FMS (p-value = 0.004), as well as between feet type and tilt (p-value = 0.007). However, a negative association was observed between anterior pelvic tilt and FMS (p-value = 0.184), and between anterior pelvic tilt and PDS (p-value = 0.141). Conclusions: This study concluded that amateur athletes exhibited a notable prevalence of pronation distortion syndrome and sixteen percent of amateur athletes were suffering from anterior pelvic tilt presenting poor body stability. Significant association was observed between body stability and both pronation distortion syndrome and anterior pelvic tilt.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Urine Specimen in Peshawar, Pakistan

Asad Jamal — 2024-11-30

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause many nosocomial infections, especially in the urinary tract, particularly in severe burns, bed ulcers, and immune-compromised patients. Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine specimens. Methods: This a cross-sectional study. Urine samples were collected from UTI patients and culture on CLED agar and susceptibility was checked with 7 antimicrobial drugs by Disc Diffusion Method. SPSS software version 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 243 urine samples collected from patients were tested, out of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 132 (54.32%) samples. In patients aged less than 8 years it accounted for 14.4 % of the sample, 19.7 % in those aged between 9 and 30 years, 28.8% in patients aged between 31 and 50, and 37.1 % in patients aged between 51 and 70. 7 different antibiotics were tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the urine samples. The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Imipenem, (29.5%), Cefotaxime (90.2%), Cefoperazone (59.1%), Polymyxin-B (3.0%), Colistin, (10.6%), Aztreonam, (26.5%) and Tobramycin (22.0%). There were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance patterns between males and females. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more common in females than males. Most of the stains were found to be resistant to Cefotaxime and the most sensitive to polymyxin-B. This study also showed a higher resistance percentage in older (51-70 years).

Thalassemia in Pakistan: Addressing a Genetic Health Crisis

Tahir Jamil — 2024-11-30

Thalassemia, a genetic disorder usually caused by the defective genes. These genes are responsible for production of hemoglobin, a protein necessary for the transfer of oxygen in body through blood. Prevalence of thalassemia in Pakistan is concerning to a significant level. Global prevalence of this disease has affected millions of people and their lifestyles. Moreover, the disease leads to the burden on the diseased person’s family and the medical resources of the country, causing an alarming concern.

The main issue of high prevalence of this disorder in Pakistan is associated with high percentage of cousin marriages. This cultural practice between the close relatives increases the chances of inheriting mutated genes into next generations. Each year more than 5000 children in Pakistan are born with disease. The rate of thalassemia is considerably higher in first cousin marriages (76.7%) than in second cousin marriages (23.3%) [1]. Furthermore, the inadequate spread of awareness among people and the lack of preventative measure by people is contributing to the increase in the number of thalassemia cases

Thalassemic patients do require blood transfusion in an adequate to survive and live a normal life. Moreover, after transfusion they need financially draining therapies like iron chelation that is being required to manage the overload of iron in blood. The limited medical resources and poor infrastructure of hospitals and clinics in the rural areas can lead to the increase of complications then reducing the problems come with this disease. This kind of public healthcare system can affect the diseased individuals to level to develop life threatening problems such as stunted growth, and organ failures etc.

To address this problem, a national program stating that genetic screening before marriage is necessary can lead to the reduction in the rate if this disease. Premarital screening for inherited diseases including Thalassemia is being carried out in middle east for last more than a decade. Some countries like Iran have overcome this problem to a great level by taking these kinds of initiatives, which shows that how important is it to detect the disease occurrence through premarital screening and counseling [2]. There should be campaigns for the public awareness highlighting the importance of genetic screening so that the cause of occurrence of this disorder can be decreased.

Additionally, medical advancements have provided the hope. Despite being costly and scarce, for certain patients with thalassemia, bone marrow transplants (BMT) have proven to be a curative treatment, success rates for those who satisfy the right criteria, such as younger patients with matched related donors, range approximately between 80 and 95% [3]. Future advances in repairing genetic abnormalities at their origins may be possible thanks to emerging gene-editing technologies like CRISPR. To make these remedies available in Pakistan, however, significant funding for medical infrastructure and research is needed.

Despite being avoidable, thalassemia will continue to take lives and put a burden on families and communities unless immediate action is taken. Pakistan can considerably lessen the impact of this genetic health disaster and clear the path for a healthier future by placing a high priority on education, early identification, and cutting-edge treatments.