Pakistan BioMedical Journal https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj <p>Title of Journal: <strong>Pakistan Biomedical Journal (ISSN Online: 2709-2798, Print: 2709-278X)</strong></p> <p>Frequency: <strong>Monthly</strong></p> <p>Affiliated with: <strong>Lahore Medical Research Center</strong></p> <p><strong>Website: (</strong><a href="http://www.lmrc.com.pk">www.lmrc.com.pk</a>)</p> <p>Published By: <strong>CrossLinks International Publishers LLC</strong></p> <p><strong>Website: (</strong><a href="http://www.clip.com.pk">www.clip.com.pk</a>)</p> <p><strong>Address: </strong>117 S Lexington St Ste 100, Harrisonville, MO 64701, USA</p> <p><strong>Description:</strong></p> <p><strong>Pakistan BioMedical Journal (PBMJ)</strong> is an Official Journal of "<strong>Lahore Medical Research Center LLP" (LMRC)</strong> and is being funded and supported by Lahore Medical Research Center LLP (LMRC). Pakistan Biomedical Journal (PBMJ) is an open access, double blind peer-reviewed international journal. </p> <p><strong>Aim &amp; Scope</strong></p> <p>The Pakistan BioMedical Journal (PBMJ) covers a diverse range of disciplines crucial to healthcare and academia. This includes Public Health, Clinical Sciences, Dentistry, Nursing, Medical/Health Professions Education, and Biological Sciences related to human health. By embracing such a wide spectrum of topics, PBMJ aims to serve as a comprehensive platform for the dissemination of research and knowledge, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and advancements in understanding human health and well-being.</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Accreditation:</strong></span></p> <p><strong>Approved by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for the year 2024-25</strong></p> <p><strong>Fee &amp; Subscription Charges</strong></p> <p>Article Processing Fee: 5000 (W.e.f 1st Jan-25) <strong>(Non-Refundable)</strong></p> <p>Article Publication Fee (National) Rs 30000 / Article</p> <p>Article Publication Fee (International ) 200 USD / Article</p> <p>Printed Version ((Selected Articles on Authors Request): Rs 2500/per copy (For InLand Delivery)</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Annual Subscription for Printed Versions</strong></span></p> <p>For Institutes: Rs 20,000/ Annually</p> <p>Single Copy (Selected Articles): Rs 2500/-</p> <p><strong>Bank Details</strong></p> <p>Account Title: Lahore Medical Research Center LLP</p> <p>Bank Name: Meezan Bank</p> <p>IBAN: PK36MEZN0002840105377903</p> <p>Account # 02840105377903</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Waiver Policy</strong></span></p> <p>If an author has no funds to pay such charges, he may request for full or partial waiver of publication fees. The decision may however vary from case to case.</p> <p>We do not want charges to prevent the publication of worthy material.</p> <p><strong><u>Submissions</u></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">Submission are welcome and may be submitted here. </span><a style="background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 0.875rem;" href="mailto:submissions@pakistanbmj.com">submissions@pakistanbmj.com</a></p> en-US <p>This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments <a href="mailto:editor@pakistanbmj.com">editor@pakistanbmj.com</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> editor@pakistanbmj.com (Prof. Dr. Riffat Mehboob) oric@lmrc.com.pk (Khurram Mehboob) Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.7 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Subcentimeter Ureteric Calculi on Plain Computed Tomography KUB in Patients Presenting with Renal Colic https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1224 <p>Renal colic, often caused by ureteric stones, is a common and painful condition. Subcentimeter ureteric stones are frequently identified using CT KUB. Understanding the demographics, pain levels, and distribution of these stones can help in better diagnosing, managing and treating the condition. <strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong> To determine the prevalence of subcentimeter ureteric calculi in patients who have renal colic. <strong>Methods:</strong> Between September and December of 2024, a four-month descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Diagnostic Center of CMH, Lahore. The target population included all patients presenting with renal colic, undergoing CT KUB. Sample size of 266 was calculated using WHO calculator and Cochran's formula. Data were collected using proforma and CT KUB reports, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. 95% confidence intervals were provided for the results, and statistical tests including the Kruskal-Wallis, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Normality tests were employed. Findings: Patients ranged in age from 18 to 71 years old, with an average age of 43. <strong>Results</strong>: The majority of patients were between the ages of 20 and 35, with more men (59.8%) than women (40.2%). Pain levels varied, with an average of 5.36 on the visual analog scale. Moderate pain was the most common, experienced by 38.33% of patients. Intermittent pain was more common (68.8%) than continuous pain (31.2%). Dysuria was the most common urination issue (35.71%). Ureteric stones were present in 77.82% of patients, with the right and left renal locations being the most common sites. The most common type of stones found were subcentimeters (60.9%). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The distribution of subcentimeter ureteric stones and pain levels in patients with renal colic are described in this study on the identification of ureteric calculi in patients presenting with renal colic on CT KUB. The findings mostly seen in middle aged male patients with intermittent pain, right and left renal calculus were the most common sites and subcentimeter ureteric calculi were frequently observed category. Also describes the other findings like Hydronephrosis, cyst, and peripheral fat.</p> Tayyaba Tahira, Yasser Khan, Zobia Saleem, Asim Raza, Aqsa Aslam Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan BioMedical Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1224 Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Detection of Uterine Fibroids Through Ultrasound Among Women of Reproductive Age Presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in A Tertiary Care Hospital https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1226 <p>Fibroids are the leading cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). <strong>Objective: </strong>To detect uterine fibroids through ultrasound among women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary care hospital. <strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diagnostic Center of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore. Data were collected from 200 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) with AUB. Women with adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, endometriosis and other gynecological problems were excluded. A consecutive non-probability sampling method was employed, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. The chi-square test was applied for the comparison of categories. <strong>Results: </strong>The Average age of participants was 29.50 ± 8.32 years. From the participants with fibroids, common symptoms included pelvic pain (47%), back pain (46%), frequent urination (39%), and painful bleeding (68%). Out of the total, 53.5% had bleeding from other causes, and 46.50% had fibroids. Out of all participants, 46% had one fibroid, 0.5% had multiple fibroids, and 53.5% had none at all. There were 21.5% posterior wall fibroids and 25% anterior wall fibroids. Of the fibroids, 39.5% were hyperechoic and 7% were hypoechoic. The majority of fibroids 37.5% did not cause any distortion of the endometrial cavity. The endometrial thickness was normal in 84% of patients and increased in 32%. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that uterine fibroids were a common cause of AUB in women of reproductive age, with a significant proportion of cases presenting with symptoms such as pelvic pain, painful bleeding and frequent urination.</p> Areeba Rizwan, Khadija Tul Kubra, Zobia Saleem, Asim Raza, Yasser Khan, Sidra Saleem, Adeeba Anwar Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan BioMedical Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1226 Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Quality of Life among Individuals with HIV in Lahore: The Role of Resilience https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1223 <p>Resilience is the ability to bounce back in difficult situations such as trauma, stress, and adversity. Being diagnosed with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an extremely traumatic and stressful experience that can also lead to stigma and discrimination. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To find any significant association between resilience and Quality of Life (QOL) among individuals with HIV. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted in Forman Christian College from June 2020 to December 2020. The participants were mainly selected from the 3 different HIV rehabilitation centers based in Lahore (n=300) with age ranges from 18 to 65 years (Mean=32.7, SD=7.93). <strong>Results:</strong> The findings of the study illustrate that there is a positive association between resilience and QOL among individuals with HIV; Resilience is also positively associated with demographic variables like income, education, and gender. Furthermore, study findings demonstrate that resilience predicts a direct positive effect on individuals with HIV’s QOL. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was concluded that by cultivating resilience, individuals with HIV can improve their physical and mental health and effectively manage their illness.</p> Mansoor Ahmed, Abia Nazim, Hephsibah Younis Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan BioMedical Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1223 Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Healthcare Entrepreneurship Innovation Among Young Health Professionals https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1230 <p>In public health entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur uses their commercial expertise to solve a public health issue or start a health-related company. This can take the kind of creating a new product, funding a public health organisation or even investing a portion of a company's income into research and development for health-related projects and activities. In order to improve outcomes, economic development, and society well-being, healthcare entrepreneurship is acknowledged as crucial. Startups in the healthcare industry have faced structural, regulatory, organisational and behavioral challenges in the past but new business owners are looking for ways to improve access, affordability and quality. Despite a sluggish investment market healthcare venture capital managed to raise $19 billion in 2023 to fund new initiatives. Many things including consumer demand, local competition and business concepts go into determining the most lucrative healthcare benefits company. However medicines, medical technology, cosmetic, surgery, specialized clinics, telemedicine and laboratories have all demonstrated substantial profitability as a result of high demand and distinctive products. In order to reduce the learning curve especially when building the evidence base for the service, it is advisable for venture teams to have members with expertise in both healthcare and entrepreneurship. One way to get in touch with entrepreneurial accelerators or university tech transfer and commercialisation offices that one might have worked with before is to ask for their help in assembling the team. When developing new healthcare solutions, entrepreneurs should think about ways to involve patients or end-users. One strategy that may improve the solution's applicability and focus on the patient is to collaborate with appropriate patient advocacy groups. New revenue streams and business models may need to be developed by entrepreneurs in the healthcare industry. Healthcare is a fundamental human right but it cannot be provided indefinitely without adequate funding. Participating in healthcare entrepreneurship groups, accelerators and other community initiatives that encourage and facilitate entrepreneurial healthcare participation is one way to fortify one's "business and calling" mentality. Not only do we provide these useful insights for healthcare entrepreneurs but we also include them for other important players. Partnerships that standardise co-produced ideas may be incentivised by corporations. Entrepreneurs with venture capitalists may come up with new ways to finance projects that are tied to unconventional results. By bringing together experts from different fields, non-profits may bring attention to the need for healthcare entrepreneurs. Politicians should think about how to foster business climates that are competitive while maintaining appropriate pricing and cost structures.</p> Zeeshan Mehboob Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan BioMedical Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/article/view/1230 Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000