Isolation of Antimicrobial Producing Actinomycetes from Indigenous Microhabitats.: Antagonistic Actinomycetes from Indigenous Microhabitats

Nnaemeka Aku; Chinedu S.  Alisigwe; Ifeyinwa L.  Ezenwosu; Chinelo  Okengwu; Ogechi M.  Nwanokwu

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.357

Authors

Nnaemeka Aku Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
Chinedu S. Alisigwe Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
Ifeyinwa L. Ezenwosu UNTH (Old Site), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
Chinelo Okengwu Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
Ogechi M. Nwanokwu Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria (UNEC), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.357

Keywords:

Actinomycetes; antimicrobials; microhabitats; bio-prospectin

Abstract

Unusual microhabitats in different locations present opportunities for the bio-prospecting of actinomycetes with high antimicrobial producing potentials. A total of 113 actinomycetes from specific indigenous microhabitats were isolated and screened for their antimicrobial activity against selected test organisms. The earthworm castings, forest litter, and domestic dumpsite sites, respectively, accounted for approximately 24.78%, 19.47%, and 18.5% of the total number of isolates recovered. The preliminary antagonism assay using the perpendicular streak method yielded four isolates that showed high antimicrobial activity and broad spectrum activity against test bacteria or fungi. These isolates showed excellent growth and sporulation on milk agar and starch casein agar, and the micro-morphological characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of spore-bearing aerial hyphae. Bioactive extracts from DS15 and EC5, at 125 mg/mL, had respective zones of inhibition measuring 20.7 ± 0.6 and 33.0 ± 1.0 against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (clinical isolate) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 2923) respectively. Bioactive extracts from EC1 and EC9, at 125 mg/mL, show respective zones of inhibition measuring 18.7 ± 1.2 and 16.7 ± 1.2 against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and C. glabrata (ATCC 22018) respectively. This study reinforces the evidence that unique and unusual microhabitats, in different geographical locations, present an excellent opportunity for the bio prospecting of actinomycetes with high antimicrobial producing potentials. Furthermore, it shows that the indigenous antagonistic actinomycete isolates exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against test bacteria and fungi employed in the in-vitro antimicrobial assays.

References

Wormser GP, Bergman MM. The Antibiotic Paradox: How the Misuse of Antibiotics Destroys Their Curative Powers, 2nd Edition By Stuart B. Levy Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing, 2002. 376 pp., illustrated. $17.50 (paper). Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(2):238-238. doi:10.1086/344957

Davies J, Davies D. Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev MMBR. 2010;74(3):417-433. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00016-10

WHO. New report calls for urgent action to avert antimicrobial resistance crisis. Published March 2021. Accessed July 3, 2021. https://www.who.int/news/item/29-04-2019-new-report-calls-for-urgent-action-to-avert-antimicrobial-resistance-crisis

React. The burden of antibiotic resistance – Part 1. ReAct. Published March 2021. Accessed July 3, 2021. https://www.reactgroup.org/antibiotic-resistance/course-antibiotic-resistance-the-silent-tsunami/part-1/the-burden-of-antibiotic-resistance/

Gebreyohannes G, Moges F, Sahile S, Raja N. Isolation and characterization of potential antibiotic producing actinomycetes from water and sediments of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(6):426-435. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60092-1

JAKUBIEC-KRZESNIAK K, RAJNISZ-MATEUSIAK A, GUSPIEL A, ZIEMSKA J, SOLECKA J. Secondary Metabolites of Actinomycetes and their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Properties. Pol J Microbiol. 2018;67(3):259-272. doi:10.21307/pjm-2018-048

Sapkota A, Thapa A, Budhathoki A, Sainju M, Shrestha P, Aryal S. Isolation, Characterization, and Screening of Antimicrobial-Producing Actinomycetes from Soil Samples. Int J Microbiol. 2020;2020:e2716584. doi:10.1155/2020/2716584

Ding D, Chen G, Wang B, et al. Culturable actinomycetes from desert ecosystem in northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ann Microbiol. 2013;63(1):259-266. doi:10.1007/s13213-012-0469-9

Valli S, Suvathi SS, Aysha O, Nirmala P, Vinoth KP, Reena A. Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(6):469-473. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60078-1

Crawford DL, Lynch JM, Whipps JM, Ousley MA. Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycete Antagonists of a Fungal Root Pathogen. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993;59(11):3899-3905.

Tan H, Deng Z, Cao L. Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes from healthy goat faeces. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009;49(2):248-253. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02649.x

Peraud O, Biggs JS, Hughen RW, et al. Microhabitats within Venomous Cone Snails Contain Diverse Actinobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75(21):6820-6826. doi:10.1128/AEM.01238-09

Uchendu U, Kanu C, Kanu K, Mpamah C. Spatial pattern of Land Surface Temperature over Umuahia North and Bende LGA, Abia State, Nigeria. Niger J Environ Sci Technol. 2019;3:210-217. doi:10.36263/nijest.2019.02.0138

Nzegbule EC, Ogbonna PC. Quantity And Quality Of Litterfall In Pure Pine And Pine/Gmelina Mixed Plantations In Umuahia, Abia State. Glob J Agric Sci. 2008;7(1):93-96. doi:10.4314/gjass.v7i1.2366

Boudemagh A, Kitouni M, Boughachiche F, et al. Isolation and molecular identification of actinomycete microflora, of some saharian soils of south east Algeria (Biskra, EL-Oued and Ourgla) study of antifungal activity of isolated strains. J Mycol Médicale. 2005;15(1):39-44. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2004.12.004

Kitouni M, Boudemagh A, Oulmi L, et al. Isolation of actinomycetes producing bioactive substances from water, soil and tree bark samples of the north–east of Algeria. J Mycol Médicale. 2005;15(1):45-51. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2004.12.005

Bizuye A, Moges F, Andualem B. Isolation and screening of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from soils in Gondar town, North West Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(5):375-381. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60087-0

Thakur D, Yadav, Gogoi D, Bora T. Isolation and screening of Streptomyces in soil of protected forest areas from the states of Assam and Tripura, India, for antimicrobial metabolites. J Mycol MÃ©dicaleJournal Med Mycol. 2007;17:242-249. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2007.08.001

Shirling EB, Gottlieb DY 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species1. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 16(3):313-340. doi:10.1099/00207713-16-3-313

Aouiche A, Bijani C, Zitouni A, Mathieu F, Sabaou N. Antimicrobial activity of saquayamycins produced by Streptomyces spp. PAL114 isolated from a Saharan soil. J Mycol Medicale. 2013;24. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.09.001

Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal. 2016;6(2):71. doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005

Shepherd MD, Kharel MK, Bosserman MA, Rohr J. Laboratory maintenance of Streptomyces species. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2010;Chapter 10:Unit 10E.1. doi:10.1002/9780471729259.mc10e01s18

Sengupta S, Pramanik A, Ghosh A, Bhattacharyya M. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes isolated from unexplored regions of Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. BMC Microbiol. 2015;15(1):170. doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0495-4

Kumar V, Bharti A, Negi YK, Gusain O, Pandey P, Bisht GS. Screening of actinomycetes from earthworm castings for their antimicrobial activity and industrial enzymes. Braz J Microbiol. 2012;43(1):205-214. doi:10.1590/S1517-838220120001000022

Valan AM, Asha K, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of novel polyene type antimicrobial metabolite producing actinomycetes from marine sediments: Bay of Bengal India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(10):803-810. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60233-0

Ouhdouch Y, Barakate M, Finance C. Actinomycetes of Moroccan habitats: Isolation and screening for antifungal activities. Eur J Soil Biol. 2001;2(37):69-74. doi:10.1016/S1164-5563(01)01069-X

Davelos AL, Kinkel LL, Samac DA. Spatial Variation in Frequency and Intensity of Antibiotic Interactions among Streptomycetes from Prairie Soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70(2):1051-1058. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.2.1051-1058.2004

Moncheva P, Tishkov S, Dimitrova N, Chipeva V, Bogatzevska S. Characteristics of soil actinomycetes from Antarctica. J Cult Collect. 2002;3.

Mohseni M, Norouzi H, Hamedi J, Roohi A. Screening of antibacterial producing actinomycetes from sediments of the Caspian Sea. Int J Mol Cell Med IJMCM. 2013;2(2):64-71.

de Lima Procópio RE, da Silva IR, Martins MK, de Azevedo JL, de Araújo JM. Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012;16(5):466-471. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014

Lakshmipathy DT, Krishnan K. A Morphological, Biochemical and Biological Studies of Halophilic Streptomyces sp. Isol Saltpan Environ Am J Infect. 2009;5:200-206.

Bentley SD, Chater KF, Cerdeño-Tárraga AM, et al. Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Nature. 2002;417(6885):141-147. doi:10.1038/417141a

Lee KJ, Song NY, Oh YC, Cho WK, Ma JY. Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Acer tegmentosum Using In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS(+) System. J Anal Methods Chem. 2014;2014:150509. doi:10.1155/2014/150509

Baltz R. Baltz, R. H. Renaissance in antibacterial discovery from actinomycetes. Curr. Opin. Phamacol. 8, 557-563. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008;8:557-563. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2008.04.008

Gorajana A, M V, Vinjamuri S, et al. Resistoflavine, cytotoxic compound from a marine actinomycete, Streptomyces chibaensis AUBN1/7. Microbiol Res. 2007;162(4):322-327. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.01.012

Narayana KJP, Prabhakar P, Vijayalakshmi M, Venkateswarlu Y, Krishna PSJ. Study on bioactive compounds from Streptomyces sp. ANU 6277. Pol J Microbiol. 2008;57(1):35-39.

Chawawisit K, Bhoopong P, Phupong W, Lertcanawanichakul M. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. KB1. 2015;7:118-122.

Mendes TD, Borges WS, Rodrigues A, et al. Anti-Candida properties of urauchimycins from actinobacteria associated with trachymyrmex ants. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013:835081. doi:10.1155/2013/835081