Predictive Association between Perceived Social Support and Infertility-Related Stress in Married Couples in Pakistan
Infertility-Related Stress in Married Couples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i05.1079Keywords:
Perceived Social Support, Infertility, Married CouplesAbstract
Infertility is indeed a global issue and has a profound impact on married couples, affecting various aspects of their relationship, emotional well-being, and quality of life. The WHO estimates that 10-15% of couples globally experience infertility, with rates varying across regions. Objective: To examine the predictive association between perceived social support (PSS) and infertility-related stress among married couples experiencing infertility. Methods: For this research, 50 married couples selected through purposive sampling from the Gynecology and Obstetrics departments of several hospitals and infertility clinics in Karachi, Pakistan with the age ranged between 20-40 years (X̄=32.3; SD= 3.12). Brief interviews of the participants were conducted, and Urdu versions of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Infertility-Related Stress Scale were administered. Data was analyzed through SPSS (V-25.0) using descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Results: The findings showed a significant predictive association between perceived social support and infertility stress (R2=.540, β=-.73, P< 0.00). Conclusions: This highlights a significant predictive association between the stress associated with infertility and the level of perceived social support, which significantly impacts individuals coping with fertility difficulties. These findings have implications for offering compassionate and efficient care, devising customized interventions and support programs for couples encountering fertility issues, and offering guidance to hospitals
References
Hazlina NH, Norhayati MN, Bahari IS, Arif NA. Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2022 Mar; 12(3): e057132. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057132
Tabong PT, Adongo PB. Infertility and childlessness: a qualitative study of the experiences of infertile couples in North Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013; 13:72–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-72
Obeagu EI, Njar VE, Obeagu GU. Infertility: Prevalence and consequences. International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 10(7): 30-38. doi: 10.22192/ijcrcps. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps
Ahmed HM, Khan M, Yasmin F, Jawaid H, Khalid H, Shigri A, Nawaz F, Hasan CA, Khan MO, Hasan CA. Awareness regarding causes of infertility among out-patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus. 2020 Apr; 12(4). doi: 10.7759/cureus.7685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7685
Lakatos E, Szigeti JF, Ujma PP, Sexty R, Balog P. Anxiety and depression among infertile women: a cross-sectional survey from Hungary. BMC women's health. 2017. 17, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0410-2
Qadir F, Khalid A, Medhin G. Social Support, Marital Adjustment, and Psychological Distress Among Women With Primary Infertility in Pakistan. Women Health. 2015 May; 55(4). doi: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1022687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2015.1022687
Klemetti R, Raitanen J, Sihvo S, Saarni S, Koponen P. Infertility, mental disorders and well-being - A nationwide survey. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2010 May; 89(5): 677-82. doi: 10.3109/00016341003623746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00016341003623746
Gana K and Jakubowska S. Relationship between infertility-related stress and emotional distress and marital satisfaction. Journal of Health Psychology. 2016 Jun; 21(6): 1043-54. doi: 10.1177/1359105314544990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314544990
Cousineau TM., Domar, AD. Psychological impact of infertility. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2007; 21(2), 293-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.003
Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1990 Dec; 55(3–4): 610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095
Martins MV, Peterson BD, Almeida V, Mesquita-Guimarães J, Costa ME. Dyadic dynamics of perceived social support in couples facing infertility. Human Reproduction. 2014. 29(1), 83-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det403
Tabassum A. Impact of Infertility-Related Stress and Family and Social Support on Marital Satisfaction of Infertile Individuals. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research. 2023; 3(1), 50-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr/v3i1/.32
Gourounti K, Anagnostopoulos F, Vaslamatzis G. Psychosocial Predictors of Infertility Related Stress: A Review. Current Women`s Health Reviews. 2010 Nov; 6(4): 318-31. doi: 10.2174/157340410793362159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/157340410793362159
Yusuf L. Depression, anxiety and stress among female patients of infertility; A case control study. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016 Nov; 32(6): 1340. doi: 10.12669/pjms.326.10828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.326.10828
Casu G, Gremigni P. Screening for infertility-related stress at the time of initial infertility consultation: Psychometric properties of a brief measure. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2016 Mar; 72(3): 693-706. doi.org/10.1111/jan.12830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12830
Baghianimoghadam MH, Aminian AH, Baghianimoghadam B, Ghasemi N, Abdoli AM, Seighal AN et al. Mental health status of infertile couples based on treatment outcome. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2013 Jun; 11(6): 503–510.
Tabassum A, Sadia R. Khan S. Impact of Infertility-related Stress and Family and Social Support on Marital Satisfaction of Infertile Individuals. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research. 2023 Jun; 3(1): 50-73. doi: 10.37605/ijpbr.v3i1.32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v3i1.32
Khalid A and Dawood S. Social support, self-efficacy, cognitive coping and psychological distress in infertile women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020 Aug; 302(2): 423-30. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05614-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05614-2
Martins MV, Peterson BD, Costa P, Costa ME, Lund R, Schmidt L. Interactive effects of social support and disclosure on fertility-related stress. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2013 Jun; 30(4): 371-83. doi: 10.1177/0265407512456672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407512456672
Saleem S, Qureshi NS, Mahmood Z. Attachment, perceived social support and mental health problems in women with primary infertility. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019 Jun; 8(6): 2533-41. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192463
Abbey A, Andrews FM, Halman LJ. Provision and Receipt of Social Support and Disregard: What Is Their Impact on the Marital Life Quality of Infertile and Fertile Couples? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1995 Mar; 68(3): 455. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.3.455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.68.3.455
Slade P, O’Neill C, Simpson AJ, Lashen H. The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic. Human Reproduction. 2007 Aug; 22(8): 2309-17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem115
Lechner L, Bolman C, van Dalen A. Definite involuntary childlessness: associations between coping, social support and psychological distress. Human Reproduction. 2007 Jan; 22(1): 288-294. doi:10.1093/humrep/del327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del327
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan BioMedical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments editor@pakistanbmj.com