Effects of Carica Papaya and Psidium Guajava Extracts on Hepato-Renal Performance of Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Male Albino Rats: Carica Papaya and Psidium Guajava Extracts & Diabetic rats

Sofia  Arshad; Muhammad Ahmed  Azeem; Jawaria  Muzahir; Arifa  Mehreen; Muhammad Anwar  Khan

doi:10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.73

Authors

Sofia Arshad Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Ahmed Azeem Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Jawaria Muzahir Biology Department, Narowal Public College, Narowal, Pakistan
Arifa Mehreen Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Anwar Khan Department of Zoology, Sub Campus Gomal University Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.73

Abstract

The growing number of diabetes coupled with the harsh side effects of some synthetic drugs has led to the increasing search for alternative medicine which are relatively cheap with minimum side effects. Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya and Psidiumguajava extracts separately and in combination, and the effect of treatment on hepato-renal performance. Methods:Papaya and guava leaves were macerated in 98% ethanol for extraction. Results:The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava and C. papaya significantly (P< 0.05) reduced blood glucose level, Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to diabetic control group. Serum activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was slightly elevated that indicate hepatotoxic nature of plant extracts. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin and HbA1C level were restored to normal range. A slight reduction in body weight (P>0.05) of treated groups was observed. Serum urea and creatinine concentration was restored to normal level in treated rats with regeneration of kidney function. Conclusions:The study concluded that individual and combined plant extract show anti-hyperglycemic effect but the combined remedy at this dose show hepatotoxicity

References

Ashraf H, Heidari R, Nejati V and ILKhanipoor M (2013). Effects of aqueous extract of Berberisintergerrimaroot on some physiological parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran. J. Pharm. Res.12: 425-34.

RavindraBabuPingili, A. KrishnamanjariPawar, Siva Reddy Challa, TanvijaKodali, SirishaKoppula, VyshnaviToleti (2019). A comprehensive review on hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of chrysin against various drugs and toxic agents. Chemico-Biological interactions,308: 51-60.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.010

Mansur Mirmohammadlu, SeyedHojjat Hosseini, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Majid EsmaeiliGavgani, Maryam Noubarani and Mohammad Reza Eskandari (2015). Ameliorative effects of quince fruit on diabetes. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14(4): 1207-1214.https://zumodegranada.com/en/pomegranate-juice/ameliorative-effects-of-quince-fruit-on-diabetes/

Kumar Vipin S, Sanjeev T, Ajay S, kumarPravesh S, Anil S, (2012). A Review on Hepatoprotective activity of Medicinal Plants, IJARPB.1: 31-38. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(3).690-02

De D, Ali K.M., Chatterjee. K., Bera, T.K., Ghosh, D., (2012). Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of n-hexane fraction from the hydro-methanolic extract of sepals of Salmaliamalabarica in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Complement. Integr. Med.9: 1553-3840. doi: 10.1515/1553-3840.1565

Arumugam, G., Manjula, P., Paari, N., (2013). Areview: antidiabetic medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus. J.Acute Dis.2(3), 196–200.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60126-2

Liu, S.Z., Deng, Y.X., Chen, B., Zhang, X.J., Shi, Q.Z., Qiu, X.M., (2013). Antihyperglycemic effect of the traditional Chinese scutellaria-coptis herb couple and its main components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.145: 490-498.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.017

Porwal V, Sing P, Gurjar D, (2012). A Comparative Study on Different Methods of Extraction from Guajava Leaves for Curing Various Health Problems. IJERA.2(6): 490-96.http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol2_issue6/BV26490496.pdf

Zafar S, M Ah, NM Naeem-ul-Hassan and ZA KaimKhani (2009). Altered liver morphology and enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. International Journal Morphology.27:719-725.http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022009000300015

Juarez-Rojopa E, A Tovilla-Zarateb, E Aguilar-Domingueza, F Roa-de la Fuentec, E Lobato-Garciac, JL Ble-Castilloa, L Lopez-Merazd, C Diaz-Zagoyae and DY Bermudez -Ocana (2014). Phytochemical screening and hypoglycemic activity of Carica papaya leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn.24:341-334.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.012

Ebong P E, G O Igile, B.I.A Mgbeje, I A Iwara, A E Odongo, U L Onofiok, E A Oso, A Ezekiel and M Florence (2012). Papain, a plant enzyme of biological importance: A review.Am. J.Biochem. Biotech.,8(2):99-104, doi: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2012.99.104

Osman A, Libsu S, and Moges D (2013). A study of antioxidant activities of guava (Psidiumguajava) and mango (Mangiferaindica) fruits. Int.J.Integ.Sci.Innov. Tech.2:1-5.

Rawi SM, Mourad MI and Dawlat AS (2011). Biochemical changes in experimental diabetes before and after treatment with Mangiferaindica and Psidiumguajava extracts. J.Pharmac. Biomed. Sci.,2:29-41.https://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=science_sector_publications/files/ijpbs-2011-02-17.pdf

Ansah C, Aggrey AJ, BoaduBM and MantePK (2016). Aqueous leaf Extract of Carica papaya (caricaceae) causes liver injury and reduced fertility in rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 8:261-265.https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/8475.

Sambo N, Garba SH and Timothy H (2009). Effect of the aqueous extract of Psidiumguajava on erythromycin-induced liver damage in rats.Nig. J. Physio. Sci. 24:171-176.doi: 10.4314/njps.v24i2.52928

Ayeni MI, Akanmu MA, Bolajim O, SA Osasan, Olayiwola G, Afolabi MO and Morohunfola AM (2017). Bilirubin Lowering Potential of Aqueous Carica papaya Extract in Induced Jaundice in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.7:457-466. doi: 10.17265/2328-2150/2017.07.011

Subramanian S, Haseena BH, MookambikaRRB and ShanmugavalliR (2009). Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant nature of Psidiumguajavaleaves extract in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Pharmaceut. Biology.47:298–303.https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200902748429

Shadia AR, Yasser A, Abdel-Aty HG and Nasr AO (2018). Effect of Psidiumguajavaleaf extract, glibenclamide and combination on rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocinEgyp. J. Hosp. Med.72:4610-4619.doi: 10.21608/EJHM.2018.9789

Vigneswaran T, Muthu Mohamed HS and Sridhar S (2015). Comparative efficacy of the fruit extract of Carica papaya Linn. and root extract of Andrographispaniculata on the Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic wistar albino rats. Int. J. Curr. Sci.15:77-85.

Ezekwe A, Constance N, Ijeoma E, Prince O and Samuel N (2017). Studies on biochemical effects of aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Food Biology.6: 28-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.25081/fb.2017.v6.3513

Fennell CW, Lindsey KL, McGawb LJ, Sparg SJ, Stafford GI, Elgorashi EE, Grace OM and van StadenJ (2004). Assessing African medicinal plants for efficacy and safety: Pharmacological screening and toxicology. J Ethnopharmacol.94:205-217.doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.012

Pascal F, Manfo T, Akono Nantia E, and Kuete V (2014). Hepatotoxicity and Hepatoprotective effects of African Medicinal Plants. Toxicol. Survery Afr. Medicinal Plants, Elsevier.1: 323-355.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800018-2.00011-X

Lynch T and Price A (2007). The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects. Am. Fam.Physician. 76:391–396.https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0801/p391.html

Daisy P, Feril G, and Kani J (2013). Hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Cassia auriculata (L.) bark extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic’s rats. Asian J. Pharmaceut.Clinical Research. 6:43-48.https://innovareacademics.in/journal/ajpcr/Vol6Issue2/1571.pdf