A Comprehensive Study on Asparagus officinalis: Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Characteristics : Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Characteristics of Asparagus officinalis

Amna  Mehmood; Malaika  Ajaz; Waleed  Rasool; Lahraseb  Khan; Nida  Naeem; Ali  Hassan

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.854

Authors

Amna Mehmood Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Malaika Ajaz Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Waleed Rasool Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Lahraseb Khan Department of Biochemistry, The University of Azad Jamu and Kashmir, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Nida Naeem Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ali Hassan Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.854

Keywords:

Asparagus officinalis, DPPH, Phytochemicals, Antioxidants

Abstract

The Asparagus plant is considered to be a palatable chemical source against treating infectious diseases and flavorings. Its prevalent distribution is well-known in Asian and sub-Asian regions. Objective: To understand different activities that have been functional in the stem and leaf extracts of Asparagus officinalis including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, phytochemical constituents of asparagus are also discussed. Methods: The antibacterial assay of extracts for the variety of bacteria, indicated a maximum inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (34 mm), whereas Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) (14 mm) at their respective temperature a minimum inhibition zone after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation (37 °C for bacteria). Results: As a robust antioxidant reference standard, these antioxidant activities resulted in the stable radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It can be reduced to yellow-coloured DPPH-H, reaching 75.81% of the DPPH scavenging impact at its 100% concentration in contrast to ascorbic acid. Various experiments have been carried out, including the Molisch test, Ninhydrin test, Wagner’s test, Alkaline reagent test, Froth test, Ferric reagent test, and Salkowski test for the phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: To sum that up, carbohydrates, saponins, and flavonoids are present in these extracts. These extracts were found to perform satisfactory activities in all tests.

References

Pegiou E, Mumm R, Acharya P, de Vos RC, Hall RD. Green and white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis): A source of developmental, chemical and urinary intrigue. Metabolites. 2019 Dec 25; 10(1): 17. doi: 10.3390/metabo10010017

Soteriou GA, Antoniou C, Rouphael Y, Kyratzis AC, Kyriacou MC. Changes in the primary and secondary metabolome of male green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) as modulated by sequential harvesting. Food Chemistry. 2021 Oct; 358: 129877. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129877

Alyami NM, Almeer R, Alyami HM. Protective effects of Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) against lead toxicity in mice. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023 Feb; 30(7): 18718-30. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23540-5

Yang C, Ye Z, Mao L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ding W, et al. Analysis of volatile organic compounds and metabolites of three cultivars of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) using E-nose, GC-IMS, and LC-MS/MS. Bioengineered. 2022 Apr; 13(4): 8866-80. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056318

Olivier MT, Muganza FM, Shai LJ, Gololo SS, Nemutavhanani LD. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Asparagus suaveolens aerial parts. South African Journal of Botany. 2017 Jan; 108: 41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.09.014

Desoukey SF, El-Nahas SE, Sabh AZ, Taha ZK, El-Shabrawi HM. Antimicrobial effect of Asparagus officinalis L. extracts. Plant Archives. 2020; 20(2): 9253-64.

Zhang H, Birch J, Xie C, Yang H, Bekhit AE. Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and in-vitro antioxidant activity of New Zealand and China Asparagus cultivars (officinalis L.) roots extracts. Food chemistry. 2019 Oct; 294: 276-84. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.012

Hamdi A, Jaramillo-Carmona S, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Jiménez-Araujo A, Lachaal M, Karray-Bouraoui N, et al. Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Asparagus acutifolius: A Focus on Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Lipase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules. 2021 Jun; 26(11): 3328. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113328

Begum A, Sindhu K, Giri K, Umera F, Gauthami G, Kumar JV, et al. Pharmacognostical and physio-chemical evaluation of Indian Asparagus officinalis Linn family Lamiaceae. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2017; 9: 327-36.

Karim M, Boikess RS, Schwartz RA, Cohen PJ. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): a solvent that may solve selected cutaneous clinical challenges. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2022 Dec: 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00403-022-02494-1

Khalili H, Soltani R, Negahban S, Abdollahi A, Gholami K. Reliability of disk diffusion test results for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of nosocomial gram-positive microorganisms: is E-test method better?. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR. 2012; 11(2): 559.

Ngamsurach P and Praipipat P. Comparative antibacterial activities of Garcinia cowa and Piper sarmentosum extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with studying on disc diffusion assay, material characterizations, and batch experiments. Heliyon. 2022 Nov; 8(11): e11704. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11704

Jamal Uddin AF, Taufique T, Mayda U, Roni MZ, Mehraj H. Yield performance and phytochemical screening of three asparagus varieties. Bangladesh Research Publication Journal. 2014; 10(2): 196-201.

Zhang H, Birch J, Pei J, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Yang H, Dias G, et al. Identification of six phytochemical compounds from Asparagus officinalis L. root cultivars from New Zealand and China using UAE-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS: effects of extracts on H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Nutrients. 2019 Jan; 11(1): 107. doi: 10.3390/nu11010107

Fathalipour M, Delnavazi MR, Safa O, Zarifinia N, Rafiee B. Antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic root extract of Asparagus officinalis L. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2020 Dec; 24(4): 322-30. doi: 10.32598/ppj.24.4.30

Gonelimali FD, Lin J, Miao W, Xuan J, Charles F, Chen M, et al. Antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action of some plant extracts against food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Frontiers in microbiology. 2018 Jul; 9: 1639. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01639

Battu GR and Kumar BM. Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2010 Aug; 2(12): 456-63. doi: 10.1016/S0975-3575(10)80031-8

Amare A, Hadush A, Aregawi H, Kide N. Antibacterial activity of oil extracts of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) seeds against bacteria isolated from fresh juice in selected areas of Axum town. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology. 2015; 4(4): 15-8.

Sriyab S, Laosirisathian N, Punyoyai C, Anuchapreeda S, Tima S, Chiampanichayakul S, Chaiyana W. Nutricosmetic effects of Asparagus officinalis: A potent matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor. Scientific Reports. 2021 Apr; 11(1): 1-1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88340-2

Olivier MT, Muganza FM, Shai LJ, Gololo SS, Nemutavhanani LD. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Asparagus suaveolens aerial parts. South African Journal of Botany. 2017 Jan; 108: 41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.09.014

Mashele SS. Medicinal properties of selected asparagus species: a review. Phytochemicals in Human Health. 2019 Aug.

Linka WA, Wojtaszek I, Zgoda MM, Kołodziejczyk MK. The Use of Synthetic Polymers (Superdisintegrants) in Technology Tablets Containing Ethanol Dry Extract from Asparagus officinalis. Polymers in Medicine. 2015; 45(2): 73-80. doi: 10.17219/pim/61167

Jianu C, Moleriu R, Stoin D, Cocan I, Bujancă G, Pop G, et al. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Nepeta× faassenii bergmans ex stearn essential oil. Applied Sciences. 2021 Jan; 11(1): 442. doi: 10.3390/app11010442

Pandey M, Mohd Amin MC, Ahmad N, Abeer MM. Rapid synthesis of superabsorbent smart-swelling bacterial cellulose/acrylamide-based hydrogels for drug delivery. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2013 Jan; 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/905471