Impact of COVID-19 on the Sleep and Mental Status of University Students
Impact of COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i10.962Keywords:
Covid-19, Sleep, Mental HealthAbstract
Quality sleep with good mental health plays an important role for university students. Objective: To determine the impact of COVID-19 on the sleep quality of university students in Hyderabad and adjoining areas. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Sindh from December 2020 to February 2021 during the peak period of COVID-19. There were a total of 232 randomly selected male and female university students during the research work. The data were statistically calculated in percent and frequencies by using SPSS software version-21. The statistical difference was determined by applying a chi-square test and the p-value of < 0.05 was set as significant. Results: The majority (63%) of males were spending 8-9 hours on sleeping. Most of the females (52%) were spending less time (4-5 hours) on sleeping. Day naps were common in men compared to women and also 25% of males were taking sleeping pills frequently. About 27% of males and 8% of females reported headaches on waking up in the morning. Females were going early for sleeping compared to males. Conclusions: COVID-19 affected the sleep that might have also impacted the mental health of male and female university students during a stressful pandemic situation of COVID-19.
References
Leone MJ, Sigman M, Golombek DA. Effects of lockdown on human sleep and chronotype during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Biology. 2020 Aug; (16): R930-R1. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.015
Jeong H, Yim HW, Song Y-J, Ki M, Min J-A, Cho J, et al. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiology and Health. 2016 Nov; 38. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048
Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research. 2020 Aug; 29(4). doi: 10.1111/jsr.13052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052
Åkerstedt T, Kecklund G, Axelsson J. Impaired sleep after bedtime stress and worries. Biological Psychology. 2007 Oct; 76(3): 170-3. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.010
Watson N, Badr M, Belenky G, Bliwise D, Buxton O, Buysse D, et al. Consensus Conference Panel. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2015 Jun; 11(6): 591-2. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.4758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758
Kocevska D, Blanken TF, Van Someren EJW, Rösler L. Sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: not one size fits all. Sleep Medicine. 2020 Dec; 76: 86-8. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.029
Wright KP, Linton SK, Withrow D, Casiraghi L, Lanza SM, Iglesia Hdl, et al. Sleep in university students prior to and during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home orders. Current Biology. 2020 Jul; 30(14): R797-R8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.022
Fortunato VJ and Harsh J. Stress and sleep quality: The moderating role of negative affectivity. Personality and Individual Differences. 2006 Oct; 41(5): 825-36. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.024
Tang NK, Fiecas M, Afolalu EF, Wolke D. Changes in sleep duration, quality, and medication use are prospectively associated with health and well-being: analysis of the UK household longitudinal study. Sleep. 2017 Mar; 40(3). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsw079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw079
Targa ADS, Benítez ID, Moncusí-Moix A, Arguimbau M, de Batlle J, Dalmases M, et al. Decrease in sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak. Sleep and Breathing. 2021 Jun; 25(2): 1055-61. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02202-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02202-1
Milojevich HM and Lukowski AF. Sleep and mental health in undergraduate students with generally healthy sleep habits. PloS One. 2016 Jun; 11(6) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156372
Ford DE and Kamerow DB. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for prevention? Jama. 1989 Sep; 262(11): 1479-84. doi: 10.1001/jama.262.11.1479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.262.11.1479
Sharma N and Vaish H. Impact of COVID – 19 on mental health and physical load on women professionals: an online cross-sectional survey. Health Care for Women International. 2020 Sep; 41(11-12): 1255-72. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1825441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1825441
Galambos NL, Howard AL, Maggs JL. Rise and fall of sleep quantity and quality with student experiences across the first year of university. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2011 Jun; 21(2): 342-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00679.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00679.x
Freeman D, Sheaves B, Waite F, Harvey AG, Harrison PJ. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jun; 7(7): 628-37. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30136-X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30136-X
Buboltz Jr WC, Brown F, Soper B. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: a preliminary study. Journal of American college health. 2001 Nov; 50(3): 131-5. doi: 10.1080/07448480109596017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109596017
Lovato N and Lack L. The effects of napping on cognitive functioning. Progress in Brain Research. 2010 Jan; 185: 155-66. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00009-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00009-9
Kripke DF. The Dark Side of Sleeping Pills. 2006.
Kodaira K, Okuyama JH, Silva M. Prevalence of sleeping pills consumption and its association with depressive symptoms. Value in Health. 2015 Nov; 18(7): A408. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.963
Clement-Carbonell V, Portilla-Tamarit I, Rubio-Aparicio M, Madrid-Valero JJ. Sleep quality, mental and physical health: a differential relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan; 18(2): 460. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020460
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan BioMedical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments editor@pakistanbmj.com