Frequency Of HRCT Findings and Distribution in Lung Parenchyma in Pneumonia: HRCT Distribution in Lung Parenchyma in Pneumonia

Laiba  Rasheed; Maryam Jamil; Abid  Ali; Sadia  Azam; Hifza  Akram; Warda  Kiran

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.556

Authors

Laiba Rasheed University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
Maryam Jamil University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
Abid Ali Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Chenab, Gujrat
Sadia Azam University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
Hifza Akram University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
Warda Kiran University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.556

Abstract

Lung’s primary role is to allow the diffusion of gases from the surrounding atmosphere into circulation. Pneumonia and associated spread in the lungs parenchyma is a very common finding in one or both lungs. Objective: To determine the frequency of HRCT findings and distribution in the lung parenchyma in pneumonia patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Tertiary Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan in the department of Radiology over five months, from January 2022 to May, 2022. A sample size of 90 patients was taken using a convenient sampling approach from previously published articles. Patients with pneumonia were included in the study after informing a consent. All the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Results shows that pneumonia is more common in the age of 56-65years (30.0%). It is more common in the patients having a history of smoking 44(48.9%). One of the most prevalent CT findings was ground-glass opacities 55(17.7%). Lung infection dissemination was found to be unilateral in 16(17.8%) patients and bilateral in 74(82.2%). On categorization and parenchymal distribution, lobular pneumonia was more common 77(85.6%). Conclusion: In conclusion, pneumonia is the most prevalent disease among children and older males at the age of 56-65years, having previous history of smoking. The most prevalent observations were lymphadenopathy, ground-glass opacities GGO, and consolidations. Bronchopneumonia findings are more common however, the majority of cases were bilateral than unilateral.

References

Chen W, Xiong X, Xie B, Ou Y, Hou W, Du M, et al. Pulmonary invasive fungal disease and bacterial pneumonia: a comparative study with high-resolution CT. American journal of translational research. 2019; 11(7):4542.

Gouveia PA, Ferreira ECG, Neto PMC. Organizing pneumonia induced by tocilizumab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Cureus. 2020 Feb; 12(2).

Kim H, Yoon SH, Hong H, Hahn S, Goo JM. Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Possible Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern: a meta-analysis. Scientific Report. 2018 Oct; 8(1):15886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34230-z.

Lee HY, Seo JB, Steele MP, Schwarz MI, Brown KK, Loyd JE, et al. High-resolution CT scan findings in familial interstitial pneumonia do not conform to those of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2012 Dec; 142(6):1577-1583. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2812.

Lu X, Gong W, Peng Z, Zeng F, Liu F. High resolution CT imaging dynamic follow-up study of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Frontiers in medicine (Lausanne). 2020 May; 7:168. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00168.

Diao K, Han P, Pang T, Li Y, Yang Z. HRCT imaging features in representative imported cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. Precision Clinical Medicine. 2020 March; 3(1):9-13.

Tanaka N, Kunihiro Y, Kubo M, Kawano R, Oishi K, Ueda K, et al. HRCT findings of collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonia (CVD-IP): a comparative study among individual underlying diseases. Clinical Radiology. 2018; 73(9):833. e1-. e10.

Tibana RCC, Soares MR, Storrer KM, de Souza Portes Meirelles G, Hidemi Nishiyama K, Missrie I, et al. Clinical diagnosis of patients subjected to surgical lung biopsy with a probable usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on high-resolution computed tomography. BMC pulmonary medicine. 2020 Nov; 20(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01339-9.

Vogel MN, Vatlach M, Weissgerber P, Goeppert B, Claussen C, Hetzel J, et al. HRCT-features of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and their evolution before and after treatment in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. European journal of radiology. 2012 Jun; 81(6):1315-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.02.052.

Zare Mehrjardi M, Kahkouee S, Pourabdollah M. Radio-pathological correlation of organizing pneumonia (OP): a pictorial review. The British journal of radiology. 2017 Mar; 90(1071):20160723. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160723.

Cereser L, Dallorto A, Candoni A, Volpetti S, Righi E, Zuiani C, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia at chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients: Spectrum of findings and mimickers. European Journal of Radiology. 2019 Jul; 116:116-127. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.04.025.

Priola AM, Priola SM, Giaj-Levra M, Basso E, Veltri A, Fava C, et al. Clinical implications and added costs of incidental findings in an early detection study of lung cancer by using low-dose spiral computed tomography. Clinical lung cancer. 2013 Mar; 14(2):139-48. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.05.005.

Grundy PE, Green DM, Dirks AC, Berendt AE, Breslow NE, Anderson JR, et al. Clinical significance of pulmonary nodules detected by CT and Not CXR in patients treated for favorable histology Wilms tumor on national Wilms tumor studies‐4 and‐5: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatric blood & cancer. 2012 Oct; 59(4):631-5. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24123.

Hirai J, Kinjo T, Koga T, Haranaga S, Motonaga E, Fujita J. Clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia due to Moraxella catarrhalis in adults: a retrospective single-centre study. BMC infectious diseases. 2020 Nov; 20(1):821. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05564-9.

Reynolds JH, McDonald G, Alton H, Gordon SB. Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient. The British Journal of Radiology. 2010 Dec; 83(996):998-1009. doi: 10.1259/bjr/31200593.

Elicker BM, Kallianos KG, Henry TS. The role of high-resolution computed tomography in the follow-up of diffuse lung disease: Number 2 in the Series “Radiology” Edited by Nicola Sverzellati and Sujal Desai. European Respiratory Review. 2017 Jun; 26(144).

Park SO, Seo JB, Kim N, Park SH, Lee YK, Park B-W, et al. Feasibility of automated quantification of regional disease patterns depicted on high-resolution computed tomography in patients with various diffuse lung diseases. Korean Journal of Radiology. 2009 Oct; 10(5):455-63. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2009.10.5.455.

Oh CK, Murray LA, Molfino NA. Smoking and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary medicine. 2012 Oct; 2012.

Aburto M, Herráez I, Iturbe D, Jiménez-Romero A. Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: differential diagnosis. Medical Sciences. 2018 Sep; 6(3):73. doi: 10.3390/medsci6030073.

Vargas HA, Hampson FA, Babar JL, Shaw AS. Imaging the lungs in patients treated for lymphoma. Clinical Radiology. 2009 Nov; 64(11):1048-55. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.04.006.

Amate SS. Hrct Thorax In Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease Sachin Shashikant Amate, Sanjay Sardessai, Vidya Rani K. 2017.

Ajlan AM, Ahyad RA, Jamjoom LG, Alharthy A, Madani TA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings. American journal of roentgenology 2014 Oct; 203(4):782-7. doi: 10.2214/AJR.14.13021.

Lynch DA, Travis WD, Muller NL, Galvin JR, Hansell DM, Grenier PA, et al. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: CT features. Radiology. 2005 Jul; 236(1):10-21. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2361031674.

Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know?. Polish Journal of Radiology. 2021 Feb; 86(1):122-35.

Amorim VB, Rodrigues RS, Barreto MM, Zanetti G, Hochhegger B, Marchiori E. Influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia: HRCT findings. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2013 Jun; 39(3):323-9. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132013000300009