Irisin and its Effects on the Metabolic Diseases: Irisin and its Effects on the Metabolic Diseases

Mirza Fahad  Baig; Muhammad Khalil  Ahmad Khan; . Mahnoor; Munazza  Perveen; Muhammad  Atif; Usman  Younas; Sadia  Sharif

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v6i07.905

Authors

Mirza Fahad Baig Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
. Mahnoor Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Munazza Perveen Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Atif Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Usman Younas Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Sadia Sharif Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i07.905

Keywords:

Fibronectin, NAFLD, FNDC5, Diabetes, Lipid Metabolism, Heart Disease, Myokine

Abstract

Irisin, also known as Fibronectin type III, is a hormone that is secreted by muscle cells and was first discovered in the muscles of a mouse in 2012. Irisin has a molecular weight of 23,231 KDa and belongs to the domain containing 5 (FNDC5) family. It has been shown to have some very beneficial effects in humans, such as thermoregulation and weight loss, and it is also secreted by the muscles of humans when they exercise or work out. The gene symbol for irisin is FNDC5, which represents the precursor of irisin. At the protein level, both FNDC5 and irisin have characteristics that are similar, but FNDC5 is not appropriate in some situations. It is released during physical activity and is linked to a variety of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, lipid metabolism, heart disease, NAFLD, PCOS, and metabolic diseases of the bones. Irisin is not only responsible for the disorders, but it also has the potential to be used as a biomarker for specific diseases. Humans and mice have both shown that myokine irisin promotes the browning of white adipose tissues while simultaneously increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditures. Irisin therapy reduces body weight while also increasing brown fat-specific gene expression in the patient. Irisin increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cancer. Irisin levels were found to be lower in obese people who had NAFLD.

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