Biological Characterization of Colorectal Cancer in Patients Undergoing Surgery and Its Correlation with Gender and Age: Colorectal Cancer in Patients Undergoing Surgery

Mashall  Siddiqui; Sameena  Naz; Aisha  Masroor Bhatti; Saira  Talpur; Ramsha  Khan; Maira  Sangrasi

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.642

Authors

Mashall Siddiqui Department of General Surgery, Bahria Town International Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Sameena Naz Department of General Surgery, Bahria Town International Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Aisha Masroor Bhatti LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Saira Talpur LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Ramsha Khan LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Maira Sangrasi LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.642

Keywords:

Biological characteristics, colorectal cancers, carcinoma

Abstract

Among cancer patients’ colorectal carcinoma abbreviated as CRC is the one of the chief cause of death Objective: To study the biological characteristics and types of colorectal cancer, and its correlation with various age groups and gender. Methods: It was descriptive study carried out in different surgical units of LUMHS Jamshoro, Sindh for period of 2 years including 115 patients. Biopsy was performed to diagnose colorectal carcinoma after getting consent from patients and the immune histochemical analysis was performed. Results: The age range of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were above 60 years males. Majority of patients showed per rectal bleeding with positive family history. Patients were also observed to be associated with different types of colorectal carcinomas including rectal, mucinous, well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. The analysis of TNM classification showed majority at in stage II, also some were in stage 1V (8.09%). The biological markers showed P53 and BCL2 the most common and cytokeratin and P53 were found significantly positive in age group of 31-45yeras and 46-60 years Additionally, HER2, P53 VEGF showed significantly (p=0.05) higher rates in males. Conclusion: Mucinous carcinoma was most common colorectal cancer, and biological markers P53 and BCL2 were frequently common.

References

Siegel R, Desantis C, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2014 Apr; 64(2):104-17. doi: 10.3322/caac.21220.

Imperiale TF, Juluri R, Sherer EA, Glowinski EA, Johnson CS, Morelli MS. A risk index for advanced neoplasia on the second surveillance colonoscopy in patients with previous adenomatous polyps. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014 Sep; 80(3):471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.03.042.

Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, Ward EM. Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers, 2010 Aug; 19(8):1893-907. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0437.

Mclatchie G, Borley N, Chikwe J.Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery. Giornale di Chirurgia-Journal of the Italian Surgical Association, 2010 May; 31(5):263-264.

Kim DH. Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer. Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology, 2019 Oct; 25(5): 356-362.doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.5.356

Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Shao Y, Feuer EJ, Brown ML. Projections of the cost of cancer care in the United States: 2010-2020. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2011 Jan; 103(2):117-28. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq495.

Reimers MS, Zeestraten EC, Kuppen PJ, Liefers GJ, van de Velde CJ. Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology Report (Oxfoard). 2013 Nov; 1(3):166-83. doi: 10.1093/gastro/got022.

Grady WM, Pritchard CC. Molecular alterations and biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Toxicologic Pathology 2014 Jan; 42(1):124-39. doi: 10.1177/0192623313505155.

Zhang H, Berezov A, Wang Q, Zhang G, Drebin J, Murali R, et al. ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies. The Journal of clinical investigation,2007 Aug; 117(8):2051-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI32278.

Krasinskas AM. EGFR Signaling in Colorectal Carcinoma. Pathology Research International 2011 Feb; 2011:932932. doi: 10.4061/2011/932932.

Diaz LA Jr, Williams RT, Wu J, Kinde I, Hecht JR, Berlin J, et al. The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers. Nature, 2012 Jun; 486(7404):537-40. doi: 10.1038/nature11219.

Finocchiaro G, Cappuzzo F, Janne PA, Bencardino K, Carnaghi C, Franklin WA, et al. EGFR, HER2 and Kras as predictive factors for cetuximab sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007 Jun; 25(18_suppl):4021-.

Misale S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, Scala E, Janakiraman M, Liska D, et al. Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature. 2012 Jun; 486(7404):532-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11156.

Blok EJ, Kuppen PJ, van Leeuwen JE, Sier CF. Cytoplasmic Overexpression of HER2: a Key Factor in Colorectal Cancer. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, 2013; 7:41-51. doi: 10.4137/CMO.S10811.

Jeon BS, Yoon BI. Altered expression of cellular Bcl-2 in the progression of hamster cholangiocarcinogenesis. The Scientific World Journal. 2012; 2012:385840. doi: 10.1100/2012/385840.

Hassan M, Watari H, AbuAlmaaty A, Ohba Y, Sakuragi N. Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. Biomed Research International. 2014; 2014:150845. doi: 10.1155/2014/150845.

Saiprasad G, Chitra P, Manikandan R, Sudhandiran G. Hesperidin induces apoptosis and triggers autophagic markers through inhibition of Aurora-A mediated phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signalling cascades in experimental colon carcinogenesis. European Jornal of Cancer. 2014 Sep; 50(14):2489-507. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.013.

Melling N, Kowitz CM, Simon R, Bokemeyer C, Terracciano L, Sauter G, et al. High Ki67 expression is an independent good prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology 2016 Mar; 69(3):209-14. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202985.

Martins SF, Garcia EA, Luz MA, Pardal F, Rodrigues M, Longatto Filho A. Clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 expression in colorectal cancer. Cancer genomics & proteomics. 2013 Mar; 10(2):55-6.

Cokkinides V, Albano J, Samuels A, Ward M, Thum J. American cancer society: Cancer facts and figures. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 2005.

Edwards BK, Howe HL, Ries LA, Thun MJ, Rosenberg HM, Yancik R, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer. 2002 May 15;94(10):2766-92. doi: 10.1002/cncr.10593.

Malik KA. Colorectal carcinoma: a six years experience at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh. JLUMHS. 2007 May; 76.

Zahir MN, Azhar EM, Rafiq S, Ghias K, Shabbir-Moosajee M. Clinical features and outcome of sporadic colorectal carcinoma in young patients: a cross-sectional analysis from a developing country. ISRN Oncology 2014 Apr; 2014:461570. doi: 10.1155/2014/461570.

Zisman AL, Nickolov A, Brand RE, Gorchow A, Roy HK. Associations between the age at diagnosis and location of colorectal cancer and the use of alcohol and tobacco: implications for screening. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2006 Mar; 166(6):629-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.6.629.

Botteri E, Iodice S, Raimondi S, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Cigarette smoking and adenomatous polyps: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Feb; 134(2):388-95. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.007.

Tsong WH, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Wang R, Sun CL, Yu MC. Cigarettes and alcohol in relation to colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. British Journal of Cancer. 2007 Mar; 96(5):821-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603623.

Pöschl G, Seitz HK. Alcohol and cancer. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Jun; 39(3):155-65. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agh057.

World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Amercian Institute for Cancer Research; 2007.

Boardman LA, Morlan BW, Rabe KG, Petersen GM, Lindor NM, Nigon SK, et al. Colorectal cancer risks in relatives of young-onset cases: is risk the same across all first-degree relatives? Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2007 Oct; 5(10):1195-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.001.

Diaz LA Jr, Williams RT, Wu J, Kinde I, Hecht JR, Berlin J, et al. The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers. Nature. 2012 Jun; 486(7404):537-40. doi: 10.1038/nature11219.

Fleming ID, Phillips JL, Menck HR, Murphy GP, Winchester DP. The National Cancer Data Base report on recent hospital cancer program progress toward complete American Joint Committee on Cancer/TNM staging. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 1997 Dec; 80(12):2305-10.

Janjan NA, Crane CN, Feig BW, Cleary K, Dubrow R, Curley SA, et al. Prospective trial of preoperative concomitant boost radiotherapy with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics, 2000 Jun; 47(3):713-8. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00418-1.

Pity IS, Arif SH, Hadji DA. Angiogenesis, p53 and Bcl2 in colorectal carcinoma. Int. J. Adv. Res. Technol. 2013; 2(3):2278-7763.

Kara O, Duman BB, Kara B, Erdogan S, Parsak CK, Sakman G. Analysis of PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and P53 status in determining colorectal cancer benefit from bevacizumab therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012; 13(12):6397-401. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6397.

McKay JA, Murray LJ, Curran S, Ross VG, Clark C, Murray GI, et al. Evaluation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal tumours and lymph node metastases. European Journal of Cancer. 2002 Nov; 38(17):2258-64. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00234-4.

Park DI, Kang MS, Oh SJ, Kim HJ, Cho YK, Sohn CI, et al. HER-2/neu overexpression is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2007 May; 22(5):491-7. doi: 10.1007/s00384-006-0192-8.

Li XF, Liu XF, Yang YY, Liu AY, Zhang MY, Bai XF, et al. Correlation study of Bcl-2, B7-H1, EGFR, VEGF and colorectal cancer. American journal of cancer research. 2015; 5(7):2277.