Frequency of depression and anxiety among heart failure patients in a tertiary care hospital of Faisalabad, Pakistan: Depression & anxiety among cardiac patients

Naila  Niaz; Tallat Anwar  Faridi; Naseem  Azad; Asif  Hanif; Imrana  Tanvir; Bilal  Hassan

doi:10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.56

Authors

Naila Niaz Anesthesia and ICU department, Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah Hospital, Hawalli Governate, Kuwait
Tallat Anwar Faridi University Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Naseem Azad Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Asif Hanif University Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Imrana Tanvir Pathology Department, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
Bilal Hassan University Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.56

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic illness with high prevalence and mortality, leading toeconomic burden ofhealth due to prolonged hospital stay and re-admissions.Failure to comprehend the importance of identifying mental illnesses could lead to explanations that why the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients endure to be very high.Objective:To determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in heart failure patients.Methods:It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 323 CHF patients admitted to the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology hospital, 250 were males and 73 were females, mean age was 54.1 ± 9.2 years having 70 years as maximum and 25 years as minimum. Data was collected with the help of HADS questionnaire. Patients were interviewed for assessment of anxiety and depression. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and for qualitative data frequency and percentageswas calculated. To measure the association of anxiety and depression with age categories and gender, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant.Results:The results showed that 43% subjects had <11 score indicating no anxiety, 57% had >11score indicating anxiety. 45% subjects had<11 score indicating no depression, 55% had >11score indicating depression.Conclusions: The study concluded that frequency of depression and anxiety is high in congestive heart failure patients. Strategies are required to assess and diagnose these mental illnesses to establish early treatment which may foster multidisciplinary health care team approach and interventions that address the psychological burden.

References

Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al., (2015) Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.131(4):434-41.

Jackson JD, Cotton SE, Wirta SB, Proenca CC, Zhang M, Lahoz R, et al., (2018). Burden of heart failure on patients from China: results from a cross-sectional survey. Drug design, development and therapy. 12:1659.

Alexandri A, Georgiadi E, Mattheou P, Polikandrioti M. (217). Factors associated with anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with first episode of acute myocardial infarction. Archives of medical sciences Atherosclerotic diseases.2:e90.

Shi X, Kang Y, Chen C, Zhang Q (2017). Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure. Sichuan da xue xue bao Yi xue ban= Journal of Sichuan University Medical science edition. 48(3):435-40.

Polikandrioti M, Goudevenos J, Michalis LK, Koutelekos J, Kyristi H, Tzialas D, et al., (2015). Factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with heart failure. Hellenic J. Cardiol., 56(1):26-35.

Scherer M, Himmel W, Stanske B, Scherer F, Koschack J, Kochen MM, et al., (2017). Psychological distress in primary care patients with heart failure: a longitudinal study. Br J Gen Pract.,57(543):801-7.

Kavalieratos D, Gelfman LP, Tycon LE, Riegel B, Bekelman DB, Ikejiani DZ, et al., (2017). Palliative care in heart failure: rationale, evidence, and future priorities. Journal of the American College of Cardiology,70(15):1919-30.

AbuRuz ME (2018). Anxiety and depression predicted quality of life among patients with heart failure. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.11:367-73.

Cohen BE, Edmondson D, Kronish IM (2015). State of the art review: depression, stress, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Hypertension.28(11):1295-302.

Nakamura S, Kato K, Yoshida A, Fukuma N, Okumura Y, Ito H, et al., (2013). Prognostic value of depression, anxiety, and anger in hospitalized cardiovascular disease patients for predicting adverse cardiac outcomes. The American Journal of Cardiology. 111(10):1432-6.

Piepenburg SM, Ertl G, Angermann CE (2016). Depression and heart failure-a dangerous combination. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).141(17):1222-7.

Dracup K, Walden J, Stevenson L, Brecht M (1992). Quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation: the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.11(2 Pt 1):273-9.

Walden JA, Stevenson LW, Dracup K, Hook JF, Moser DK, Hamilton M, et al., (1994). Extended comparison of quality of life between stable heart failure patients and heart transplant recipients. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation: the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.13(6):1109-18.

Husain MI, Chaudhry IB, Husain MO, Abrol E, Junejo S, Saghir T, et al., (2019). Depression and congestive heart failure: A large prospective cohort study from Pakistan. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.120:46-52.

Blumenthal JA, Zhu Y, Koch GG, Smith PJ, Watkins LL, Hinderliter AL, et al., (2019). The modifying effects of social support on psychological outcomes in patients with heart failure. Health Psychology. 38(6):502.

Walter FA, Gathright E, Redle JD, Gunstad J, Hughes JW (2019). Depressive symptoms are associated with heart rate variability independently of fitness: a cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure. Annals of Behavioral Medicine.53(11):955-63.

Ma C (2019). Rehospitalisation rates and associated factors within 6 months after hospital discharge for patients with chronic heart failure: A longitudinal observational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing.28(13-14):2526-36.

Khan S, Khan A, Ghaffar R, Awan ZA. Frequency of depression in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2012;24(2):26-9.

Sokoreli I, De Vries J, Riistama J, Pauws S, Steyerberg E, Tesanovic A, et al., (2016) Depression as an independent prognostic factor for all-cause mortality after a hospital admission for worsening heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology. 220:202-7.

Zhang J, Hobkirk J, Carroll S, Pellicori P, Clark AL, Cleland JG (2016). Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology. 202:676-84.