Two Point Discrimination Threshold Among Different Aged Populations of People with Diabetes: Discrimination Threshold Among Diabetics of Varying Age

Haseeb  Ur Rehman; Hina  Andaleeb; Iram  Saeed; Tuba  Asif; Zarqa  Sharif; Kiran  Haq; Muhammad  Faizan Hamid

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.677

Authors

Haseeb Ur Rehman Nur International University Lahore, Pakistan
Hina Andaleeb Rawal institute of health sciences Islamabad
Iram Saeed Institute of Regenerative Medicine
Tuba Asif Institute of Regenerative Medicine
Zarqa Sharif Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
Kiran Haq Rawal institute of rehabilitation sciences, RIHS Islamabad
Muhammad Faizan Hamid University of South Asia, Cantt Campus,Lahore

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.677

Keywords:

Two Point Discrimination, TPD, Age, Gender, Diabetes

Abstract

Two-point discrimination is the distinction of two points put to skin at the same time (TPD). Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the variation in two-point discrimination sense with increasing age among diabetic population. Methods: Cross Sectional conducted among 309 Diabetic Participants from age 21-60 years. Data Collected from University of South Asia, Lahore. Study completed within 6 months (from 5^th September 2019 to 28^th February 2020) by Non-Probability Convenient Sampling. The ability to distinguish the two-point was estimated in millimeters by using TPD tool. Results were analyzed by SPSS-25. Result: Average TPD value is 2.4888±.75428 (male 2.57±.73124 and female 2.40±.76946). There is a significant difference between the mean value of TPD for Gender (male and female [P=0.04]) and Different Age Group (20-30 age (m=1.6462±.300), 31-40 age (m=2.1609±.341), 41-50 age (m=2.7224±.342) and 51-60 age (m=3.4678±.346), [P = 0.000]. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in Two Point Discrimination (TPD) values among different age groups and gender. Females have more sensitivity than males. TPD value increase with increase of age.

References

Vail DM, Thamm DH, Liptak J. Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019 Jul.

Shibin K, Samuel AJ. The discrimination of two-point touch sense for the upper extremity in indian adults. International Journal of Health Science 2013; 2(1):38-43.

Lundborg G, Rosén B. The two-point discrimination test--time for a re-appraisal? Journal of Hand Surgery. 2004 Oct; 29(5):418-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.02.008.

Louis DS, Greene TL, Jacobson KE, Rasmussen C, Kolowich P, Goldstein SA. Evaluation of normal values for stationary and moving two-point discrimination in the hand. Journal of Hand Surgery. 1984 Jul; 9(4):552-5. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(84)80109-4.

Vriens JP, van der Glas HW. Extension of normal values on sensory function for facial areas using clinical tests on touch and two-point discrimination. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2009 Nov; 38(11):1154-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.06.006.

Alsaeed S, Alhomid T, Zakaria H, Alwhaibi R. Normative values of two-point discrimination test among students of Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh. International Journal of Advanced Physiology and Allied Sciences. 2014 Oct; 1(1):42-52.

Jones K. Neurological Assessment E-Book: A Clinician's Guide. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011 Nov.

Moberg E. Two-point discrimination test. A valuable part of hand surgical rehabilitation, eg in tetraplegia. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1990 Jan; 22(3):127-34.

Won S-Y, Kim H-K, Kim M-E, Kim K-S. Two-point discrimination values vary depending on test site, sex and test modality in the orofacial region: a preliminary study. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2017 Aug; 25(4):427-435. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0462.

Akatsuka K, Wasaka T, Nakata H, Inui K, Hoshiyama M, Kakigi R. Mismatch responses related to temporal discrimination of somatosensory stimulation. Clinical neurophysiology. 2005 Aug; 116(8):1930-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.04.021.

Tamura Y, Hoshiyama M, Inui K, Kakigi R. Central mechanisms for two-point discrimination in humans. Neuroscience letters. 2003 May; 342(3):187-90. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00291-x.

Marfeo A. Neuroanatomy through clinical cases. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 2010 Sep; 83(3):165.

Koo J-P, Kim S-H, An H-J, Moon O-G, Choi J-H, Yun Y-D, et al. Two-point discrimination of the upper extremities of healthy Koreans in their 20’s. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016 Mar; 28(3):870-4. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.870.

Hong S-H, Kim Y-T, Lee DY, Yu JH, Kim JS, Hong J. Effects of muscle facilitation on motor activity and tactile perception. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2018 Nov; 9(11):920-8.

Oparah SK, Ubani CD, Osim EE. Assessment of two point discrimination threshold on the thumbs of healthy adult Nigerians. Scholars journal of applied medical sciences. 2016 Jan; 4(1A):15-9.

Bulut T, Akgün U, Çıtlak A, Aslan C, Şener U, Şener M. Prognostic factors in sensory recovery after digital nerve repair. Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (Turkey). 2016 Jan; 50(2):157-61.

Kwon YH, Nam KS. Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects. Neural regeneration research. 2014 Feb; 9(4):436-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128256.

Cashin AG, McAuley JH. Measuring two-point discrimination threshold with a caliper. Journal of physiotherapy. 2017 Jul; 63(3):186. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.04.005.

Dellon AL, Mackinnon SE, Crosby PM. Reliability of two-point discrimination measurements. Journal of Hand Surgery. 1987 Sep; 12(5 Pt 1):693-6. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80049-7.

Nolan MF. Two-point discrimination assessment in the upper limb in young adult men and women. Physical Therapy. 1982 Jul; 62(7):965-9. doi: 10.1093/ptj/62.7.965.