Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Experimental Model: Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

Faiza  Munir; Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v6i07.900

Authors

Faiza Munir Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Renalla Khurd, Pakistan
Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Renalla Khurd, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i07.900

Keywords:

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), Hepatotoxicity, Liver, ALT, ALP, AST, Bilirubin

Abstract

The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in experimental model. It poses a significant hazard to one's health. It is also one of the leading sources of toxicity in critical organs such as the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Objective: To assess the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetra chloride in albino rats. Methods: The research was conducted at the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. The experiment was conducted at the animal home of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. There were two groups created: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was treated with CCl₄. The rats were fed 30% diluted carbon tetrachloride with normal saline as a control group to test the harmful effect on the liver profile. This was accomplished through a 12-day trial. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days. Rats were dissected, and their liver was punctured to obtain a blood sample and organ collection. After sampling was taken by puncturing the Rats' liver, the samples were examined by a machine called Micro-Lab 300. Results: Histopathological studies also proved that the liver of rats was damaged. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl₄ also raised the serum AST, ALP, ALT, and bilirubin levels. Total levels of AST, ALP, ALT, and Bilirubin were higher than usual, indicating that CCl₄ has a toxic effect on the liver profile of rats. Conclusions: This study suggested that CCl₄ induced toxicity in rat liver.

References

Seifert WF, Bosma A, Brouwer A, Hendriks HF, Roholl PJ, van Leeuwen RE, et al. Vitamin A deficiency potentiates carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology. 1994 Jan; 19(1): 193-201. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840190129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840190129

Doherty RE. A history of the production and use of carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane in the United States: part 1—historical background; carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene. Environmental forensics. 2000 Jun; 1(2): 69-81. doi: 10.1006/enfo.2000.0010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2000.0010

Liu F, Liu ZD, Wu N, Cong X, Fei R, Chen HS, et al. Transplanted endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride–induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Liver Transplantation. 2009 Sep; 15(9): 1092-100. doi: 10.1002/lt.21845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21845

Moss O. Nutrition priorities: Diet recommendations in liver cirrhosis. Clinical liver disease. 2019 Oct; 14(4): 146. doi: 10.1002/cld.831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.831

Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A. Dietary and pharmacological treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicina. 2019 May; 55(5): 166. doi: 10.3390/medicina55050166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050166

Weber LW, Boll M, Stampfl A. Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2003 Jan; 33(2): 105-36. doi: 10.1080/713611034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713611034

Masuda Y. Learning toxicology from carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Yakugaku zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 2006 Oct; 126(10): 885-99. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.126.885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.885

Fouw JD. Environmental Health Criteria 208, Carbon Tetrachloride. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1999:43-5.

Oyinloye BE, Osunsanmi FO, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Kappo AP. Modulatory effect of methanol extract of Piper guineense in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017 Sep; 14(9): 955. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14090955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090955

Unsal V, Cicek M, Sabancilar İ. Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants. Reviews on environmental health. 2021 Jun; 36(2): 279-95. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0048

Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. International Immunopharmacology. 2014 Aug; 21(2): 383-8. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.014

Meligi NM, Ismail SA, Tawfik NS. Protective effects of honey and bee venom against lipopolysaccharide and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Toxicology Research. 2020 Sep; 9(5): 693-705. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfaa077

McCay PB, Lai EK, Poyer JL, DuBose CM, Janzen EG. Oxygen-and carbon-centered free radical formation during carbon tetrachloride metabolism. Observation of lipid radicals in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1984 Feb; 259(4): 2135-43. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43327-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43327-8

Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Drinking of Salvia officinalis tea increases CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and chemical toxicology. 2007 Mar; 45(3): 456-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.09.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.09.009

Geerts AM, Vanheule E, Praet M, Van Vlierberghe H, De Vos M, Colle I. Comparison of three research models of portal hypertension in mice: macroscopic, histological and portal pressure evaluation. International journal of experimental pathology. 2008 Aug; 89(4): 251-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00597.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00597.x

Elachouri M. Ethnobotany/ethnopharmacology, and bioprospecting: Issues on knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by Moroccan people. Innatural products and drug discovery 2018 Jan 1 (pp. 105-118). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102081-4.00005-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102081-4.00005-8

Rudnicki M, Silveira MM, Pereira TV, Oliveira MR, Reginatto FH, Dal-Pizzol F, et al. Protective effects of Passiflora alata extract pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2007 Apr; 45(4): 656-61. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.022

Lee KJ, Choi JH, Jeong HG. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the coffee diterpenes kahweol and cafestol on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2007 Nov; 45(11): 2118-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.010

Maghfur RM, Shahat MM, Soliman MM. Assessment of The Therapeutic Role of Mangifera indica Leaves Extract in Diabetic Albino Rats. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology. 2022 Oct; 14(2): 247-62. doi: 10.21608/eajbsz.2022.265796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsz.2022.265796

Lee YS, Cho IJ, Kim JW, Lee MK, Ku SK, Choi JS, et al. Hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle on CCl4‐induced acute liver damaged mice. Food science & nutrition. 2019 Jan; 7(1): 322-38. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.893

Dike CC, Ezeonu FC, Maduk HC, Ezeokafor EN, Okpogba AN, Oguazu EC. Hepatotherapeutic Potentials of Sida corymbosa (Wire Weed) Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2018; 5: 146-55.

Hu YY, Liu CH, Wang RP, Liu C, Zhu DY, Liu P. Protective actions of salvianolic acid A on hepatocyte injured by peroxidation in vitro. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2000 Jun; 6(3): 402. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v6.i3.402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v6.i3.402

Jiang W, Gao M, Sun S, Bi A, Xin Y, Han X, et al. Protective effect of L-theanine on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2012 Jun; 422(2): 344-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.022

Lu Y, Hu D, Ma S, Zhao X, Wang S, Wei G, et al. Protective effect of wedelolactone against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2016 May; 34: 44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.003

Prakash T, Fadadu SD, Sharma UR, Surendra V, Goli D, Stamina P, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Rhododendron arboreum in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2008 Nov; 2(11): 315-20.

Opoku AR, Ndlovu IM, Terblanche SE, Hutchings AH. In vivo hepatoprotective effects of Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia, a traditional Zulu medicinal plant, against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. South African Journal of Botany. 2007 Jul; 73(3): 372-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2007.02.193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.02.193

Zhang S, Lu B, Han X, Xu L, Qi Y, Yin L, et al. Protection of the flavonoid fraction from Rosa laevigata Michx fruit against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2013 May; 55: 60-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.041

Janbaz KH, Saeed SA, Gilani AH. Protective effect of rutin on paracetamol-and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia. 2002 Dec; 73(7-8): 557-63. doi: 10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00217-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00217-4