Relation between different grades of pterygium and amount of induced corneal astigmatism: Different grades of pterygium

Bilal Khan; Ahmed  Sohail; Tallat Anwar  Faridi; Ubaidullah  Jan; Fatima  Zahid; Ishrat  Parveen

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.74

Authors

Bilal Khan Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore
Ahmed Sohail Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore
Tallat Anwar Faridi Institute Of Public Health, FAHS, University Of Lahore, Lahore
Ubaidullah Jan Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore
Fatima Zahid Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore
Ishrat Parveen Department Of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Lahore

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.74

Keywords:

Pterygium and Astigmatism, Grades of pterygium, Amount of astigmatism

Abstract

Pterygium is more prevalent among people exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. It occurs more often in people who live in warm climates and spend a lot of time outdoors in sunny or windy environments Objective: To determine and the relation of different grade of pterygium with amount of induced corneal astigmatism Methodology: This observational study was done in The Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT) hospital Multan road Lahore. A self-designed Performa was filled after clinically examining the patients. Frequency distribution/percentages of data were described, simple frequency tables and cross tables were formed to calculate the statistical results Results: A total patients 50 with grades of pterygium and induce amount of astigmatism. There 31(62.0%) were male and 19(38.0%) were female and the mean age of the patient is 2.5. 21(42.0%) patients were grade 1 pterygium and 21(42.0%) patients were grade 2 and 8(16.0%) patents have grade 3 pterygium. The amount of astigmatism in grade 1 from 0.00 to 1.00 DC is 17(34.0%) patients, from 1.00 to 2.00 DC are 2(4.0%) patients and from 2.00 to 4.00 DC are 2 (4.0%). In grade 2 from 1.00 to 2.00 DC are 10(20.0%) patients, from 2.00 to 4.00 DC are 10(20.0%) patients and from greater than 4.00 DC 1(2.0%). In grade 3 from 1.00 to 2.00 DC are 2(4.0%) patients, from 2.00 to 4.00 DC are 4(8.0%) patients and from greater than 4.00 DC are 2(4.0%) patients Conclusions: Result show that the present study verifies that as the pterygium reaches more than 1.00mm in size from the limbus it induce with the rule astigmatism and pterygium size increases, the amount of induced astigmatism also increases with direct proportion.

References

Shah SI, Shah SA, and Rai P, (2016). Factors associated with pterygium based on history and clinical examination of patients in Pakistan. J Curr Ophthalmol, 28(2): 91-2. doi: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.03.005

Oldenburg JB, et al., (1990). Conjunctival pterygia. Mechanism of corneal topographic changes. Cornea, 9(3): 200-204.

Gupta VP and Saxena T (2003). Comparison of single-drop mitomycin C regime with other mitomycin C regimes in pterygium surgery. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 51(1): 59. https://journals.lww.com/ijo/Fulltext/2003/51010/Comparison_of_Single_drop_Mitomycin_C_Regime_with.10.aspx

Alpay A, Uğurbaş SH and Erdoğan B (2009). Comparing techniques for pterygium surgery. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ). 3: 69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19668546/

Kamil Z, Bokhari SA and Rizvi F, (2011). Comparison of conjunctival autograft and intra-operative application of mitomycin-C in treatment of primary pterygium. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, 27(4). http://www.pjo.com.pk/27/4/zeeshan%20Akmil%2010.pdf

Taylor, H.R., et al., (1992). The long-term effects of visible light on the eye. Archives of ophthalmology, 110(1): 99-104. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1992.01080130101035

Kodavoor, S.K., et al., (2017). Double-head pterygium excision with modified vertically split-conjunctival autograft: Six-year long-term retrospective analysis. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 65(8): 700. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_284_17

De Keizer R, (1982). Pterygium excision with or without postoperative irradiation, a double-blind study. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 52(2): 309-315. doi: 10.1007/BF01675860

Alam A, et al., (2015). Comparison of pterygium resection with conjunctival auto graft versus amniotic membrane graft. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, 31(4).

Hansen A and Norn M, (1980). Astigmatism and surface phenomena in pterygium. Acta ophthalmologica, 58(2): 174-181. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1980.tb05706.x

Yousuf M, (2005). Role of pterygium excision in pterygium induced astigmatism. JK-Practitioner, 12(2): 91-92.

Ergin A and Bozdoğan Ö, (2001). Study on tear function abnormality in pterygium. Ophthalmologica, 215(3): 204-208. doi.org/10.1159/000050859

Jain AK and Pandey DJ, (2020). Evaluation of change in pterygium induced keratometric astigmatism in patients following pterygium excision with autologous graft surgery. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology, 12(2): 191-200. doi: 10.3126/nepjoph.v12i2.28287

Mahar P and Manzar N, (2014). Risk factors involved in pterygium recurrence after surgical excision. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, 30(2). http://www.pjo.com.pk/30/2/4.P.S%20Mahr.pdf

Sharjeel M, Ali F and Malik IQ, (2016). Frequency of Pterygium Recurrence with Limbal Stem Cell Autograft. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, 32(4). http://www.pjo.com.pk/32/4/5.%20OA-Muhammad%20%20Sharjeel%20reviewed.pdf

Anbesse DH, et al., (2017). Prevalence and associated factors of pterygium among adults living in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 12(3): e0174450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174450

Ang M, et al., (2012). Prevalence of and racial differences in pterygium: a multiethnic population study in Asians. Ophthalmology, 119(8): 1509-1515. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.02.009

Malekifar P, et al., (2017). Risk factors for pterygium in Ilam Province, Iran. Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 12(3): 270. doi: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_85_16

Gazzard G, et al., (2002). Pterygium in Indonesia: prevalence, severity and risk factors. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 86(12): 1341-1346. doi: 10.1136/bjo.86.12.1341

Yasar T, et al., (2003). Effects of fibrovascular traction and pooling of tears on corneal topographic changes induced by pterygium. Eye, 17(4): 492-496. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700377

Han SB, et al., (2016). Quantification of astigmatism induced by pterygium using automated image analysis. Cornea, 35(3): 370-376. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000728